自考“英语（一）”笔记 十

an ocean-going vessel　远洋轮an escort vessel　护卫舰

a fishing vessel　渔船a drinking vessel　饮具

11. crew   n. 全体船员，全体机务人员

The crew was （were） annoyed at the captain's decision.（船员们对船长的决定感到恼火。）

The aircraft has a crew of 6.（这架飞机有6名机组人员。）

All 312 passengers and 6 crew members died in the plane crash.

（312名乘客和6名机组人员在飞机失事中丧生。）

12. becalm   v.（常用被动语态）（指帆船）因无风而停止前进

In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.

（在使用帆船的时代，船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。）

He was becalmed for a whole week north of the island.　（他在海岛北面因无风而停泊了整整一周。）

13. gulf   n. 海湾；隔阂；鸿沟

Can you tell me for sure who was the real winner of the Gulf War？

（你能确定地告诉我谁是海湾战争的真正赢家吗？）

The quarrel left a gulf between the two close friends.　（那场争吵在两位好友间造成了隔阂。）

the Persian Gulf　波斯湾　the Gulf of Mexico　墨西哥湾

Gulf Stream　湾流，墨西哥湾流

14. stream   n. 小河，溪流  v. 流，涌

They had a walk along the bank of the stream.（他们沿着河岸散步。）

Lots of tree leaves are floating along with the stream.（许多树叶正随着水流漂浮。）

Tourists came into the cave in a steady stream.（游客们源源不断地进入山洞。）

Tears streamed down her cheeks when she heard the news.（当她听到那个消息时，泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。）

He didn't even frown when blood streamed from his wound.　（血从伤口涌出时，他连眉头都没皱一下。）

a stream of cold air　一股冷空气　a stream of people　一股人流

a stream of lies　一串谎言　 a stream of good ideas　一系列好主意

a stream of light　一道光线　stream of consciousness　意识流

go against the stream　逆潮流而动 go with the stream　随波逐流

stream-lined cars 流线型汽车

15. current   n. （空气，水等的）流，潮流；电流；倾向 adj. 当前的，通行的

The child had been swept away by the current.（孩子被水流卷走了。）

A steady current of heated air rose from the mountain top.　（一股热气从山顶源源不断升起。）

There was a powerful electric current running through the wires.　（一股强大的电流流过电线。）

Mass media influence the current of public opinion.（大众传媒影响舆论的倾向。）

Give me a current issue of Reader's Digest.（给我一本最近一期的读者文摘。）

A long time ago， it was a current belief that the earth was flat.　（很久以前，人们普遍相信地球是扁平。）

the main current　主流a warm current 暖流

an alternating current　交流电　a direct current　直流电

current events　时事 current situation　当前形势

16. affect   v. 影响；打动；（疾病）侵袭    effect    n. 效果；作用，影响；

His mood was greatly affected by the sad news. 　（那个悲痛的消息使他的心绪大受影响。）

Computers affect our life in many ways.（计算机在许多方面影响我们的生活。）

Reading in dim light constantly will surely affect the eyes.（经常在昏暗的光线下看书肯定会对眼睛有影响。）

The child was affected with high fever.（孩子发高烧了。）

The color gives the effect of being warm.（这颜色给人以暖感。）

The wonderful sky effect on the festival night impressed everybody.

（绚丽的节日夜空给每一个人都留下了深刻印象。）

I just hope this medicine won't have serious side-effect.　（我只希望这种药没有严重的副作用。）

sound effect　音响效果　three-dimensional effect 立体感

lighting effect　灯光效果 cause and effect　因果

no effects　无存款（银行在空头支票上的批语）

be of no effect无效　bring sth. to effect　实行，实施

in effect实际上　take effect　见效；生效

17. climate    n. 气候

The change in climate might be one of the causes for the extinction of dinosaurs.

（气候的变化也许是恐龙灭绝的一个原因。）

In cold climates， some of the livestock have to be kept indoors all winter.

（在寒冷的气候区，一些牲畜得在室内一冬。）

In the present economic climate we can make greater achievement.

（在目前的经济气候下，我们能够取得更大的成就。）

weather   n. 天气

The football match had to be put off because of bad weather.　（由于天气不好，足球比赛被推迟了。）

What's the weather like in Hangzhou？ I hope it is not as hot there.（杭州的天气怎么样？希望那儿不那么热。）

18. flow    n. 流  　  v. 流动

Heavy rains brought mud flows down the mountain. （暴雨把泥流冲下了山。）

The doctor stopped the flow of blood. （医生把血止住了。）

The river flows east into the sea. （这条河向东流入大海。）

19. furnish   v. 供应，提供；装备，（用家具）布置

The school has decided to furnish the library with some new books.　（学校决定给图书馆提供一些新书。）

They furnished all the passengers with life jackets. （他们为所有的乘客提供救生衣。）

She wants to furnish her new house with modern furniture.（她想用时新家具布置新家。）

20. highway   n. 公路；  （水陆）交通干线

The canal was the only highway for commerce.（这条远河是唯一的商业路线。）

You can find many motels along the highways.（在高速公路沿线你会看到许多汽车旅馆。）

21. float   v.（使）漂浮

Colorful flags are floating in the morning breeze.（彩旗在晨风中飘荡。）

When winter comes yellow leaves float down.（冬天到来时，黄叶飘落。）

It will be much easier for you to float the logs down the river.（你们把木材顺流下漂将会容易得多。）

　　本课主要构词法

Affixation（词缀法）

1. 反意词前缀un-  　unusual，unwilling

2. 形容词后缀-y    　salty

3. 名词后缀-or     　sailor

Compounding （合词法）

1. 复合名词      　highway，steamship，airplane

2. 复合形容词    　mid-Atlantic，eastward

　　本课简介

The Atlantic Ocean向读者介绍了有关大西洋的情况。我们可以了解航行大西洋的过去和现在，也可以了解大西洋“制造”出来的世界之最。

本课主要语言点

1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

在表示河流，海洋，群岛，沙漠等地理名称的名词前，以及以复数形式出现的国名前要用定冠词，例如：the Yellow River（黄河），the Pacific Ocean（太平洋），the British Isles   （不列颠群岛），the Sahara（撒哈拉沙漠），the Alps（阿尔卑斯山脉），  the Philippines （菲列宾）

在表示某一座山，岛屿或某一个湖时不用定冠词，例如：Yellow Mountain（黄山），Lake Erie（伊利湖），Hainan Island（海南岛）

one of +复数名词是英语中常见的用法，请翻译下面的句子：

She is one of the most hardworking students in our class.　（她是我们班学习最刻苦的学生之一。）

Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.（上海是世界最大的城市之一。）

印度是世界上人口最多的国家之一。　（India is one of the countries with the largest population in the world.）

尼罗河是世界上最长的河流之一。（Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.）

在one of ＋复数名词＋定语从句的结构中，定语从句一般被看作修饰复数名词，因此该从句中的谓语要用复数形式。例如：

This is one of the best novels that have been published this year.　（这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。）

Mr. Smith is one of those men who always think they are right.

（史密斯先生属于那些总是认为自己正确的人。）

He is not one of those who bow before difficulties.（他不是那种在困难面前低头的人。）

但是在the only one of ＋复数名词＋定语从句的结构中，定语从句应该被看成修饰单数名词。例如：

He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the teacher.　（他是男孩中唯一受到老师表扬的。）

Helen is the only one of those girls who doesn't wear make-up.　（海伦是那些女孩中唯一不化妆的。）

separate from是常用词组，在句子中的意思是“（使）分离，（使）分开”，请翻译下面的句子：

1）英吉利海峡把英法两国隔开。（The English Channel separates England from France.）

2）理论不应该脱离实际。（Theory should not be separated from practice.）

the Old world指欧，亚，非三洲，有时仅指欧洲。the New （World） 指哥伦布发现的美洲大陆。

2. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.

for centuries 意为“许多世纪”。在英语中用介词for加表示时间的复数名词的表达形式很常见。请翻译下面的句子：

1）I haven't seen you for days. How is everything？（多日不见，一切都好吗？）

2）I haven't seen him for years， I am sure he has changed a lot.　（我多年没见到他了，他一定变了不少。）

3）It seems I have been waiting for you for centuries. Where have you been？

（我似乎等了你几个世纪了，你去哪儿了？）

keep… from doing 是习惯用法，意思是“使…不…”。

例如：It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.（要使父亲不抽烟真不容易。）

请翻译下面的句子：

1）Heavy fog kept the ships from being discovered by the enemy.　（大雾使得船只未被敌人发现。）

2）We had no way to keep him from getting involved in the matter.　（我们没有办法使他不卷入那事件中去。）

3）那种药使他的咳嗽不再加剧。　（The medicine keeps his cough from getting more serious.）

4）当地人的保守思想使得那个地方不能快速发展。

（The local people's conservative mind keeps that place from developing rapidly.）