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2004年上半年自考英语(二)试卷评析

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 2004年上半年全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)已于4月18日举行,目前主观题的阅卷工作已基本完成。为了帮助广大考生了解此次考试的试卷及答题情况,笔者对此次考试的试卷进行了全面的评析,并对随意抽取的448份试卷的主观题答题情况作了统计分析和错误分析,希望能给自考考生提供一个有益的参考。

一. 总体试卷评析
本次英语(二)的试卷在题型和分值上和以往试卷一样,客观题和主观题各占50分,但每道题的考点和难度有了一些变化,以下是每道题的具体考点。
第一大题:词汇和结构(10分)
1. 介词词组填介词:in conclusion
2. 名词做定语:shoe store
3. 介词词组填名词:with a view to
4. 动词词组:take in
5. 形容词词义辨别:vacant
6. 非限制性定语从句:the language of which
7. 连词引导并列句:and
8. 副词词义辨析:approximately
9. 连词引导让步状语从句:Even if
10. 固定搭配:in that

as
The earth is round, which is well known to all.
All, some, any, something, anything, none,
All _that__ I want to say is “Thank you”.
The only/ first book that interested me is this one.
The man (_whose__ story is very interesting) is my father.
The man who just talked to you is my father.
Music was played out of doors, ____ the environment provided a place.
Which, that, in which, where

I can’t understand the way _in which__
the problem is solved.
I can’t tell you the reason _why__ this happened.
The reason is _that__ he failed the exam.
(That_ the earth is round) is well known.
I think _that__ the earth is round.
_Whether__ there is life on Mars is not yet known.
Look at the book ___ there are many pictures.
Look at the book ___
there is a pen on the book.


_what__ happened is this.
1. _What__ I like to do is try again.
2. The fact __that__ there is no money left) frightened him.
3. I would like to do (_whatever__ you told me to do.  What  whatever
4. I will give the book to (whoever__ comes first.
5. This is all that (you have told me).
6.  The question (__whether__ this is right) is difficult to answer.
7. Can you tell me the direction (_from which_ the wind comes?
8. Can you tell me the direction (which/ that___ is opposite to your house.
9. I happen to know the man, ____ daughters is my classmate.
1) his  2) whose  3) one of his 4) one of whose
10. I bought many books, ___ are interesting.
1) a few of them  2) a few of which
2) none of which  4) a few
1) He has never won a game, as his brother did=won a game.
2) He has never won a game, as everybody expected
3)
.
评析:第2、6、7、9题为语法题,占40%;其余的题为词汇题,主要考察词组搭配和词义辨析。虽然句子均与课文无关,但所涉及语法和词汇都在课文中学过。
1) 原因状语从句 because, since, as, for
2) 让步
3) 方式 as,
4) 时间 before, after, while, when, as, since, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than…whenever, until
 I will wait for you _until_ ten o’clock.
 I _won’t__ leave until ten o’clock. 
I didn’t realize the importance until I have grown up.
It was not until I have grown up that I realized the importance.
otherwise , and, but
You should lock the door; otherwise the thieves may get in.
Unless  I won’t go with you unless you promised me this. 

5) 目的 so that, in order that
6) 结果 so/such…that…
He got so big a book=such a big book that he was wild with joy.
7)比较 more … than…, so…as…
_(just) as__ we should love our family, _so__ we should love our country.

 

7) although, though, as, while, no matter + what/ why/ how/ when…=whatever, whether,
Despite difficulties, ….
In spite of =despite
Regardless of age, everyone should have a hobby.


Whatever he said) is right.
Whatever he said, I won’t believe him. 
You have to do it, whether you like it or not.
8)  Although I have tried, I still failed. Tried as I have
Although it is small=Small as it is

第二大题:完型填空(10分)
 本文为一篇关于医疗保险的知识性短文,与教材上册第13单元A课文题材相似,广大考生对此应不陌生。每道题的具体考点如下:
11. 动词和副词搭配:plan ahead
12. 动词不定式做目的状语:to help
13. 选择合适的副词:probably
14. 选择合适的形容词:expensive
15. 选择合适的介词:Like
16. 名词词义辨析:amount
a great deal of , a large amount of, a little, little, much
a large number of, many a teacher is , a few, large quantity of 
a lot of, plenty of,
 


17. 动词和介词搭配:insure… against
18. 连词引导现在分词做时间状语:while
19. 动词与介词的搭配:operate on you
20. 名词词义辨析:treatment

评析:本题和第一题一样,偏重于考察词汇的辨认和搭配。纯粹考察语法项目的题只有第12和第18题。
1) to: answer to question, solution to problem, key to exercise, secret to success, right to education, alternative to this method, approach to solving problem, access to palace
be sensitive to sth, beneficial, vulnerable,
be subject to, resistance to

2) in:change/transformation /increase/decrease/ decline / difference in production
3) on  dependence/ reliance/ debate/ dispute/ comment/ remark
4) for reason/cause/ responsibility for…
 5) against  protection against, prejudice against, bias, 

……____, ….
However, therefore, in addition, as a result, indeed, moreover

only  always
All   isolated island
Best title
Sociological aspects of Medicine
 origin of April Fool’s Day
Cause  development  comparison and Contrast
Illustrate illustration examplification
Listing   narration  argumentation
objective   subjective
Favourable  unfavorable  opposing  for  against
Neutral   critical
Biased  prejudiced  partial
Impartial  indifferent 

第三大题:阅读理解(30分)
第一篇:主题是如何对待死亡,写作手法主要以叙述为主,最后一段有一些议论的成分。第21、22、23、24题为细节题,均可在文章中找到正确答案,第25题为推论题。

第二篇:本文以叙述的口吻介绍了一种新的管理模式,即账目公开管理。第26题为推论题,第27题为总结题,第28题词汇题,第29、30题为细节题。

第三篇:主要介绍从朗读到默读这种阅读方式的改变及原因。第31、33题为细节题,第32题为推论题,第34题为词汇题,第35题为总结题。

评析:三篇文章都是记叙文,平均长度为317字/篇,问题以细节题为主,难度不大。不足之处是文章中和问题部分出现了4个超纲词:ministry, hearth, nightmare, 和carriage。其中超纲词nightmare作为24题的一个选项出现,是不应该出现的一个疏忽。

第四大题:单词拼写(10分)
20个单词中包括:6个名词,6个动词,6个形容词和2个副词。平均词长为8个字母,有5个单词的词长超过10个字母。除grateful之外,其余单词全部为下册课文词表中出现的词(括号内数字表示所在单元):accompany (1), boundary (2), capture (14), decline (10), employee (4), feasible (8), heartbreaking (14), increasingly (6), junction (15), loyalty (10), moderate (8), overwhelming (10), nominate (10), participant (5), persistently (14), queue (14), spontaneous (5), reinforce (12), undertake (13)

评析:此次单词拼写题有很大变化,显然出题者没有像以往那样以大纲词汇表为根据,而是从下册课文后面的词表中选择出题,所以20个单词中没有一个中学词汇,词汇的难度明显加大。对于认真学过下册课文的同学来说也许这些词并不陌生,但是总的而言,难度增幅过大。而且heartbreaking和persistently两词并没有被大纲收录在内。笔者认为多考课文上的单词是一个好的趋势,但前提是不能超出大纲要求。

第五大题:用正确的形式填
has been living
He happened to know this word when he took the exam.
I read (read) the book last night.
I have been worrying ___ (worry) about you since last night.
I will visit you if you stay_ (stay) at home. 
Will, be going to do, be about to do, be doing,
 be to do  The meeting is ___(to be held) next week.
These papers are to be handed this weekend. 

 

He said the training was coming soon.


 When you called, I was (be) about to leave.
I promise I _will__ go with you.

空(10分)
56.to measure, 动词不定式做目的状语。
57.Seizing, 现在分词做伴随状语。
58.has been made, 谓语动词,完成时的被动。
59.longer, 形容词比较级。
60.should have received, 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
61.feel, couldn’t help but +动词原形的固定用法。
62.Used, 过去分词做条件状语。
63.the more likely, 形容词比较级the more… the more结构。
64.witnessed, 谓语动词,过去时。
65.being, 独立主格结构。

评析:本大题考察了8个动词的变化,和2个形容词比较级。所有句子均与课文无关。与往年试卷相比,虽然考点一样,但句子的长度及难度有所增加。很多考生因为看不懂句子而无法进行选择。第62题中的economically一词为超纲词。

第六大题:汉译英(15分)
66.主要考察介词besides/in addition to 的用法。
67.主要考察It is believed that…句型和动名词做主语。
68.选自下册第9单元A课文后Word Study中appreciation的一个例句。主要考察定语从句和be qualified for 的用法。
69.选自下册第11单元A课文最后一段的第一句话。主要考察as引导时间状语从句,表示“随着”。
70.根据下册第14单元A课文后的翻译练习中的第6题有所改动。原话为“他相信某些植物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。”

评析:此次汉译英题的评分得到细化,每个句子都划出了具体的得分点,有利于克服改卷工作中主观性过大的问题,使得不少考生即使没有一个句子写完整也能得到一定的分数。
 
第七大题:英译汉(15分)
评析:这是一篇关于学校教育的短文,全文151个词,长度适中。句型和用词都很简单,比较容易。arithmetic一词为超纲词。

二. 主观题答题情况统计分析
由于前三大题为客观题由机器阅卷,笔者只能就主观题的答题情况进行具体分析。主观题各部分的统计数据如下:
表1:主观题各题数据分析
 第四大题单词拼写 第五大题词形填空 第六大题汉译英 第七大题英译汉 主观题总分
满分平均分众数标准差最低分最高分 10.002.480.002.520.0010.00 10.002.172.001.460.008.00 15.005.534.002.760.0013.00 15.0010.7512.002.480.0015.00 50.0020.9320.506.340.0042.00
众数:所有数据中频数最多的值。单词拼写题的众数为0,说明这道题得零分的考生最多。
标准差:用来描述数据之间的差距。标准差越大,说明差距越大。词形填空题的平均分为2.17, 标准差只有1.46,说明大多数考生都做得不好。

纵观主观题的得分情况,我们可以看出此次试卷主观题部分难度较大,及格率(即得分30分以上)约为18%。大多数人的得分为20分左右。具体到每一个题,最难的是词形填空题,普遍都做得不好。其次是单词拼写。英译汉比较容易,大部分考生都拿到了10分以上。

三. 主观题错误分析
单词拼写:除了employee, accompany, decline 等词外,其他很多词都是空白。

词形填空:从考生的答题情况来看,很大一部分考生对于要填的词在句子中做什么成份,表达什么意思并不清楚,而是完全靠瞎猜来答题。有些考生甚至把long 改成longed,likely改成like, witness 改成more witness。

汉译英:词汇语法方面均有许多错误,主要包括:
1) 词汇量不够:很多考生不会写digestion, appreciation,literature,be qualified for,experiment, biologist,species,extinction等词,使得句子写得很不完整。此外还出现了各种各样的拼写错误,不胜枚举。
2) 词义混淆:绝大部分考生把第一题“除了英语还学一门第二外语”中的“除了英语”译成except English(正确答案为besides English),说明考生背单词时过分依赖汉语意思,而不能了解except(除了)和besides(除了…之外还有)之间的区别。
3) 词性混淆:be benefit(beneficial) for, be threated (threatened)。
4) 缺少谓语动词:the animal used in experiment will (应加be) less and less; animals will (应加be) over on the earth。
5) 两个谓语动词:walk (walking)after lunch is good; there is a man think (thinking)so。 
6) 其他动词错误:the animal will be decrease(去掉be); he can taken (take) this job,等等。

英译汉:
只要有时间做完,基本上都能得到10分以上。翻译错误主要在于个别单词不认识。

四. 启示和建议
从上述试卷分析和答题分析来看,我们可以得出如下启示:
1.正确看待学习教材和考试的关系。虽然去年和今年英语(二)的考试与课文关系不如以前密切,前几年曾经以考书上句子为主的第一大题和第五大题,现在已经基本和课文原文没有关系,但是本次考试的第四大题即单词拼写几乎全部出自教材下册词表,第六大题汉译英中也有三个句子与教材有关。如果这种趋势继续的话,教材学习仍然应该作为广大考生备考的重点。吃透教材,牢记教材中出现的大纲词汇,认真完成课后练习,应该对考试会有所帮助。
2.牢固掌握重点语法,尤其是动词的用法,包括谓语动词的时态、语态、虚拟语气和非谓语动词做定语、状语、补足语等的用法。
3.注重单词的搭配,即词组的用法。不要孤立地背单词,或单纯地死背单词表,而应把单词放在上下文中,通过学习课文来掌握单词,这样不仅能够了解单词的表面词义,更能体会它的确切含义和用法。

最后值得一提的是,综观这几年来英语(二)的考试,每年都会有一些细微的波动和变化,我们不能因为这一次考试单词拼写过难,英译汉较容易,教材内容过少,就断言从今以后某个题会越来越难,或认为学习教材对考试没有用。尽管保持试卷的一致性,按照考纲要求命题,是出题者应力求达到的标准,但是任何考试都不可能保持水平完全一致,在一定范围内的波动是正常的。广大考生还是应该立足于教材,打好基本功,方能做到以不变应万变,在今后的考试中取得理想的成绩。

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