对中式英语 Say "No"
爱思英语编者按:“怎么是你?怎么老是你?(How are you? How old are you?)”; we two, who and who(咱俩谁跟谁);give you some color to see see(给你点颜色看看)…… 这些经典的Chinglish你说过吗? 闹出过更加逗比的笑话吗?让我们一起看看常说常错的Chinglish吧。 01.有他这颗扫帚星,什么事情都办不成。 [误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished. [正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished. 注:“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”(comet)的俗称,因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。在中国古代,“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆,并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事;祸根;person or thing that is thought to bring bad luck(to sb/sth);curse。英语的 comet虽然没有这层含义,但却有一个对应的说法,即 jinx。 例:There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble.“这辆汽车不太吉利,总给我找麻烦”。 02.萝卜青菜,各有所爱。 [误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage. [正] Tastes differ. 注:Tastes differ/vary是句英语谚语,除此以外,原句还可翻译成No dish suits all tastes或You can never make everyone happy等。《新概念英语》第三册第23课的标题是:One man's meat is another man's poison,表达的很生动。 总之,应采取意译。 03.他一向嘴硬,从不认错。 [误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault. [正] He never says uncle. 注:Say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender;to admit defeat。Say uncle主要是男孩们打架时的用语,当一方想制服另一方时,就用命令的口气说:“Say uncle!”这时,有的孩子为了表示不服输,就是不说。后来,say uncle就成了“服输”的代名词,而not say uncle就相当于“嘴硬”了。 04.老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。 [误] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much. [正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much. 注:中国人喜欢说“嘴甜”,但honey-lipped更符合英美人的语言习惯。 05.同学们都很讨厌他,因为他经常拍老师的马屁。 [误] The student all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass. [正] The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots. 注:以前在欧洲,臣民见到国王与王后往往要匍匐在地,亲吻他们的靴子。后来,人们将lick the boots引申为“为了某种目的而讨好某人”,它与汉语的“拍马屁”含义一样。在美国英语中,“拍马屁”还有另一种说法,即polish the apple,典出以前的学生用擦亮的苹果来讨好老师。 06.你听说了吗?迈克把他的女朋友给甩了。 [误] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend. [正] Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend. 注:Break up with sb虽然表示“与某人分手了”,但并没说明是谁先提出来的。而dump的原意指“倾倒垃圾”,用在这里则表示像倒垃圾一样地甩掉。 07.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国。 [误] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country. [正] We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country. 注:形容词作为修饰语在汉语和英语中都很常用,但使用的先后次序却有所不同。在英语中我们一般遵循“靠近原则”,即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越靠近它所修饰的名词。原文中最能说明“国家”本质的定语是“社会主义的”,所以socialist要最靠近它所修饰的中心词。 总的来说,当多个形容词修饰同一个名词的时候,将表达总体观点或进行笼统描述的形容词放在表明具体观点或进行具体描述的形容词前面。 08.我想要一点白酒。 [误] I'd like a little bit of white wine. [正] I'd like a little bit of liquor. 注: 汉语的“酒”可指任何酒,包括白酒、葡萄酒、啤酒,甚至米酒;但英语中则要分别用liquor, wine, beer及rice wine表示。所以要注意,英语的wine与汉语的“酒”是有区别的,它仅指葡萄酒。而red wine是红葡萄酒,white wine是白葡萄酒。 09.中华人民共和国主席 [误] Chairman of the People's Republic of China [正] President of the People's Republic of China 注:以前,我们一直将“主席”翻译为 chairman,例如:great leader Chairman Mao(伟大领袖毛主席)。其实“主席”与chairman并不等义,chairman在英语中通常指会议或某一具体组织的负责人,它的权力和重要性不及中文的“主席”。这就是为什么1983年,在我国《宪法》的英译单行本中开始使用President一词,并沿用至今。另外,国内仍有不少词典把“班/级长(学校的)”译为“class monitor”,这是“四人帮”时代的产物,那时的“班长”是专司监管学生的,所以译作“monitor”。而“班长”的正确译文应该是“class president”。 10.转战南北 [误] fight south and north [正] fight north and south 注:在地理方位的表达习惯上,中英文有一定的区别。中国人习惯于先“东西”后“南北”,而且在涉及“南北”时,习惯于先说“南”,再说“北”,如:“南征北战”、“南来北往”等。而英美人与此正好相反,如“江苏在中国的东南部”英文是 Jiangsu is in the south-east of China, 而“新疆在中国的西北部”应译为 Xinjiang is in the north-west of China。 |