儿童吞下纽扣电池可造成严重伤害

Severe injury to the esophagus（食管，食道） can occur after a child swallows a disc battery, according to a report in the September issue of Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. "A disc battery is an increasingly common foreign body（外来物） ingested by children," the authors write as background information in the article. The American Association of Poison Control Centers reported a total of 2,063 disc battery ingestions in 1998; the number increased 80 percent during the next eight years. When the battery is lodged in the esophagus, its alkaline（碱性的） contents can leak, causing tissue death and burns from electrical discharge.

Stanley J. Kimball, D.O., of Mount Carmel Health System, Columbus, Ohio, and colleagues reviewed the medical charts of 10 pediatric（小儿科的） patients who underwent endoscopic（内窥镜的） retrieval of a swallowed disc battery over a 10-year period between 1998 and 2008. The children were an average age of 3.2 years, four were female and six were male. A chest X-ray was taken for each patient and one also underwent a chest computed tomographic（层析成像的） (CT) scan.

"Five patients had an observed ingestion or were found coughing," the authors write. "Two patients complained of a sore throat（咽喉痛） and self-reported foreign body ingestion. Three patients were diagnosed incidentally via chest radiograph（X光照片） (two exhibited persistent upper respiratory（呼吸的） tract symptoms, and one had the foreign body discovered during a workup for chest and back pain after falling off her bike)."

The children stayed in the hospital for an average of 6.9 days, with a range of one to 30 days. Six patients were seen within six hours of ingesting the battery, one after 10 hours and one after 12 hours; two patients had a substantial delay in discovery of the battery, one for seven days and one for 30 days.

Three patients had minimal damage to the esophagus, including one with no injury and two with superficial injuries to the mucus（粘液） membrane. The other seven patients had more severe damage, with five sustaining damage to the smooth muscle lining the esophagus and two experiencing a perforation（穿孔，贯穿） of the esophagus (occurring in both patients with delayed diagnoses). One patient's extensive injury resulted in a tracheoesophageal（气管的，食管的） fistula（瘘管，细管） , an opening between the trachea and esophagus.

"In conclusion, severe injury can occur rapidly following disc battery ingestion. A high index of suspicion for a disc battery is necessary to avoid life-threatening sequelae（后遗症，结果） . Emergency endoscopic retrieval is required in these situations," the authors write. "A multidisciplinary approach involving otolaryngology（耳鼻喉科学） and pediatric surgery can be very helpful, especially when a tracheoesophageal fistula and/or uncontained perforation is identified."