温家宝在第六届夏季达沃斯论坛开幕式和企业家座谈会上答问

温家宝在第六届夏季达沃斯论坛开幕式和企业家座谈会上答问
Premier Wen Jiabao Answers Questions at the Opening Ceremony of the 6th Summer Davos Forum and Meeting with Business Representatives

2012年9月11日
11 September 2012

2012年9月11日，中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理温家宝在天津出席第六届夏季达沃斯论坛开幕式和企业家座谈会，并回答了世界经济论坛主席施瓦布和企业家代表的提问。答问内容如下：

Wen Jiabao, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and Premier of the State Council, attended the opening ceremony of the 6th Summer Davos Forum and CEO dialogue in Tianjin on 11 September, and answered questions from Executive Chairman Klaus Schwab of the World Economic Forum and business representatives.

问：中国政府通过了“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划，其中提出要加强国际交流与合作，走开放式的创新和国际化的发展道路，跨国企业作为中国经济发展和改革开放的积极参与者，希望能够融入到战略性新兴产业发展中。请问总理先生，中国政府对此如何考虑？在近期将会采取哪些具体措施？

Q: The national development program of strategic emerging industries during the 12th Five-Year Plan period adopted by the Chinese government calls for closer international exchanges and cooperation and a path of open innovation and internationalized development. As active participants in China’s economic development, reform and opening-up, multinational companies want to participate in the development of those industries. Mr. Premier, what is the view of the Chinese government and what specific measures will it take in the near future?

温家宝：我经常讲，外资在中国依法设立的企业也是中国企业，他们的制造也是中国制造，他们的创造也是中国创造。外资企业在中国应该享有公开、透明和平等的竞争环境，我们给外资企业以国民待遇。

Wen Jiabao: I have said on many occasions that foreign-invested enterprises established in China in accordance with the law are Chinese companies. Their products are made-in-China products and their creation is Chinese creation. Foreign-invested enterprises in China should enjoy a fair, transparent and equal competition environment and we give them national treatment.

发展战略性新兴产业是我们实行的一项兼顾当前和长远的重要举措。发展战略性新兴产业必须对外开放，吸收外资企业参与，特别是吸引他们的技术和人才。在这里，我想郑重地说明，外资企业在中国参与发展战略性新兴产业，将和中国的企业享有同等的政策待遇。

To develop strategic emerging industries is an important measure we have taken to meet both China’s immediate and long-term needs. In developing those industries, we must be open to the outside world. We need to attract the participation of foreign companies, in particular their technology and talent. I wish to state in a serious manner that foreign-invested enterprises, when participating in the development of strategic emerging industries in China, will enjoy the same policy treatment as their Chinese counterparts.

发展战略性新兴产业，根本在技术和人才，起决定作用的是市场。因此，我们必须对战略性新兴产业进行政策引导和支持。发展战略性新兴产业是一个动态的过程，我们还将不断地丰富和完善政策。我们看到，在电动汽车、新材料、新能源以及生物医药等领域，许多外资企业都有相当先进的技术，我们必须加强同他们的合作，共同使经济的未来寄托在可持续发展当中，使战略性新兴产业成为领军者。

Technology and talent are crucial to the development of strategic emerging industries and the market plays a fundamental role. Therefore, we must provide policy guidance and support to those industries. The development of strategic emerging industries is a dynamic process and we will continue to enrich and improve the related policies. Many foreign companies have advanced technologies in such fields as electric vehicles, new materials, new energy sources and bio-medicine. We must work closer with them to ensure that the economy enjoys sustainable development in the future and strategic emerging industries play a leading role.

其实，很多外资企业最关心的还是知识产权保护以及在政府采购这类政策方面是否一视同仁。我想说，我们一定加强知识产权保护，并且在政府采购等方面实行同等待遇。

I know many foreign companies are most concerned about IPR protection and whether they receive equal treatment in government procurement and other matters. I want to tell you that we will strengthen IPR protection and give foreign companies the same treatment in government procurement.

问：总理阁下，我的问题是有关全球金融体系。中国在今天的全球金融体系中处于何种位置？中国如何看待国际金融保护主义和自己的责任义务？

Q: Mr. Premier, my question is about the global financial system. What is China’s status in today’s global financial system? How does China view international financial protectionism and China’s responsibilities and obligations?

温家宝：中国是国际金融新秩序的积极倡导者和建设者。我们已经通过各种平台参与国际金融政策的协调和金融规则的制定，其目的是要促使形成一个公开、公正、有序、包容的国际金融体系。

Wen Jiabao: China has been active in advocating and building a new international financial order. We have taken part in the coordination of international financial policies and formulation of financial rules through various platforms. Our goal is to promote the establishment of an open, just, orderly and inclusive international financial system.

在应对国际金融危机的过程中，为了推进国际金融体系建设，我们做了与我们国力相称的力所能及的事情。为了推进国际货币基金组织架构的改革，并且增强国际货币基金组织的资金实力，2009年，我们曾经提出向国际货币基金组织增资。今年，在欧债问题十分严重的情况下，我们承诺向国际货币基金组织增资430亿美元。

In the fight against the international financial crisis, we have done what we can in keeping with our capabilities to advance the building of the international financial system. In order to promote the reform of the IMF structure and enhance the IMF’s financial strength, we proposed in 2009 to increase IMF’s financial resources. And in spite of the severe European debt issue this year, we have pledged to contribute US$43 billion to the IMF.

我们在欧盟面临困难的情况下实行了救助的政策。当然我们知道，欧盟解决债务问题根本上要靠自己。但是我们还是购买了欧盟国家的债券以及欧洲稳定基金。

We have taken measures to help the EU emerge from the current difficulties. We know that in the final analysis, the EU has to rely on itself to resolve the debt issue, yet we have still bought bonds of EU countries and the European Stability Fund.

我们反对贸易保护主义、投资保护主义，也反对金融保护主义。我们主张对金融领域出现的矛盾和摩擦通过协商解决，这样才能够团结一致应对当前的困难。中国的金融市场与国际金融市场联系越来越紧密，我们将遵守国际规则，起到一个负责任国家的作用。

We are opposed to trade, investment and financial protectionism. We believe that differences and frictions in the financial field should be resolved through consultation. Only in this way can we work with unity to tide over the current difficulties. China’s financial market is increasingly linked to the international financial market. We will comply with international rules and play our role as a responsible country.

问：总理先生，现在欧债危机还远没有结束，请问您如何看待欧元区未来的前景？在您看来，现在全球面临的最大风险是什么？

Q: Mr. Premier, the European debt crisis is far from over. How do you see the outlook of the Eurozone? What do you think is the biggest risk the world faces?

温家宝：我对欧元区既充满信心，又有所担忧。当前，欧债问题最突出的是希腊是否会退出欧元区，意大利、西班牙是否会提出救助要求并得到落实。在9月份有三件事情引起世人关注，第一件事情是9月12日，德国议会将审议德国关于欧债问题的救助政策。第二件事情是9月12日荷兰将进行大选，选举的结果将影响荷兰对欧债问题的态度。第三件事就是欧洲央行的会议。所有这些问题都集中在一个焦点上，那就是如何保持促进经济增长与财政紧缩之间的平衡。欧洲必须找到一个平衡点，我也相信欧洲能够找到一个平衡点。

Wen Jiabao: I have full confidence in the Eurozone, yet I also have some worries. The most acute questions about the European debt issue now are whether Greece will leave the Eurozone and whether Italy and Spain will ask for and get a bailout. Three events in September have captured world attention. First, on 12 September, the German parliament will review Germany’s bailout policy on the European debt issue. Second, also on 12 September, the Netherlands will have a general election and the result will affect the country’s attitude on the European debt issue. And the third is the meeting of the European Central Bank (ECB). All these boil down to one thing, namely how to strike a balance between economic growth and fiscal austerity. Europe must find the right balance, and I believe it can.

欧债问题发生以后，欧盟以及欧元区国家、欧洲央行都采取了许多积极应对举措，落实这些措施是一个较长时间的艰苦过程。但是我对欧盟依然抱有信心。中国将坚定支持欧盟一体化，支持欧元区的发展。因为我们始终认为，欧盟是世界上独立的一极，无论在政治上和经济上，它应该也必将发挥重要的作用。欧盟现在面对的困难终究是暂时的，因为它有雄厚的经济实力，有众多的科技人才和先进的管理经验，这些都是应对困难的基础。

Since the outbreak of the European debt issue, the EU, Eurozone countries and the ECB have taken many active measures to tackle the problem. Implementation of those measures will be a long and arduous process. Still, I have confidence in the EU. China will firmly support EU integration and development of the Eurozone. This is because we always believe that the EU, as an independent pole in the world, should and will play an important role both politically and economically. The difficulties the EU faces now are only temporary as the EU has a strong economy, a large pool of scientific and technological personnel and advanced managerial expertise. They form the foundation for tackling the difficulties.

欧债问题使中国的外贸企业，特别是主要面向欧盟的外贸企业遇到许多新的困难，市场份额减少，出口增幅下降。但是我们认为，中国与欧盟一定要携起手来，同舟共济，应对困难。从这个意义上讲，帮助欧盟摆脱危机有利于世界，同时也是帮助我们自己。当前全球面临的最大风险仍然是经济下行的压力。世界经济金融的发展有许多不稳定、不确定性因素，很难预料这场危机还将持续多长时间，但无论如何要树立信心，就是领导者要对自己的国家有信心，企业要对市场有信心，公民要对消费有信心。只有整个世界、国际社会建立起信心，我们才能够战胜困难。

The European debt issue has posed many new difficulties to export-oriented enterprises in China, especially those targeting the EU market. Their market share has declined and exports have slowed down. But we believe China and the EU must join hands to tide over the difficulties. In this sense, to help the EU emerge from the crisis is in the interest of the world and is to help ourselves. The downward economic pressure remains the biggest risk to the world. There are a lot of destabilizing factors and uncertainties in global economic and financial development. It is hard to tell how much longer this crisis will last. Yet in all circumstances, we must have confidence. Leaders must have confidence in their own countries. Enterprises must have confidence in the market. And the people must have confidence in consumption. Only when the whole world establishes confidence can we overcome the difficulties.

前不久默克尔总理访问中国的时候，我们除了谈到双边合作，还用很多时间讨论如何加强合作帮助解决欧债问题。不久我将去布鲁塞尔出席中国与欧盟领导人会晤，我将同欧盟的领导人进一步讨论如何加强合作。

During Chancellor Merkel’s visit to China not long ago, besides bilateral relations, we spent much time discussing ways to strengthen cooperation in order to help resolve the European debt issue. I will soon attend the China-EU Summit in Brussels and I will further discuss with the EU leaders how to step up our cooperation.

问：作为世界上最大的两个经济体，中美关系无疑是各方关注的焦点。中美两国经贸关系密切，但摩擦也时有发生。尤其是在世界经济复苏乏力的背景下，美国国内不断有这样的关切，就是对中国采取的一些贸易措施，尤其是与汇率和贸易规则相关的问题，表示忧虑和关切，有些人甚至将美国的高失业率归咎于中国制造业。您如何看待公平贸易？您如何看待中美经贸关系？

Q: China and the US are the two largest economies in the world. Their relations surely draw a lot of attention. The two countries have close business ties, yet frictions have also occurred from time to time. In particular when world economic recovery is sluggish, some in the US have concerns about China’s trade practices related to exchange rate and trading rules. Some even blame China’s manufacturing sector for the high unemployment rate in the United States. What’s your view on fair trade? How do you see China-US economic relations?

温家宝：中美两国一个是世界上最大的发达国家，一个是世界上最大的发展中国家，又分别是世界上第一、第二大经济体。两国的合作不仅关系两国和两国人民的利益，而且影响着整个世界。合则两利，斗则俱损。我一直认为，中美之间要合作，不要对抗。中美之间互为最大的经贸伙伴。据中国统计，去年中美的贸易额达到4467亿美元，而且今年在困难的情况下，中美贸易还是增长的。大量的美国企业在中国投资，即使遇到金融危机，他们中的大多数企业也是盈利的。

Wen Jiabao: The United States is the biggest developed country and China the biggest developing country in the world. We have the largest and second largest economies in the world. Cooperation between us not only involves the interests of our two countries and peoples, but also affects the whole world. Both countries stand to gain from cooperation and lose from confrontation. I believe that China and the United States should have cooperation, not confrontation. China and the United States are each other’s biggest trading partner. According to Chinese statistics, trade between the two countries topped US$446.7 billion last year. Despite the difficult situation this year, China-US trade has continued to grow. Many US companies have invested in China and most of them have made profits even in time of the financial crisis.

在这里，我想郑重地表示，在双边贸易上，中方绝不追求顺差，我们希望多进口美国的产品。坦率地说，因为双方还没有达到真正的互信，美国在高技术产品上仍然限制对中国的出口。我举一个例子，二三十年前我们进口了一批美国的黑鹰直升飞机，那是美国四五十年前的产品，并不是很先进的。在汶川抗震救灾中，我们需要直升飞机，而这些黑鹰直升飞机又缺少零部件。在这种情况下，我们要求美国放宽零部件的出口，仅仅这样一点要求，美方都没有答应。

Here I want to emphasize that China never pursues a surplus in bilateral trade. We want to import more from the United States. Frankly speaking, as there is a lack of genuine mutual trust between the two sides, the US still imposes restrictions on high-tech exports to China. Let me give you an example. Two or three decades ago, we imported a number of US Black Hawk helicopters. They were products from 40 to 50 years ago in the United States and were not highly sophisticated. We needed helicopters in the disaster relief after the Wenchuan earthquake and found that those Black Hawk helicopters were short of some parts and components. We then asked the United States to ease export control of those parts and components to China. But even such a small request was turned down by the US side.

在最近的美国选战中，民主、共和两党都把不买中国制造的产品、以此来增加美国就业，作为竞选的一个筹码。甚至连美国运动员参加伦敦奥运会穿中国制造的服装都成了重大问题，这使我们感到非常不解。但是中国是保持克制的，我们从来没有要我们的消费者不穿耐克鞋，不买ipad和iphone。但愿这是选战当中一个短暂的事情。

In the recent presidential campaign, both the Democrats and Republicans said they would reject "made in China" products a so as to boost employment at home, and used this as a bargain chip for winning the election. Even the US athletes wearing "made in China" clothes at the London Olympics became a headline. We feel confused about this. Yet China has exercised restraint. We never ask our consumers not to wear Nike shoes or not to buy iPad and iPhone. I hope this is only a brief episode in the campaign season.

国家需要理性的治理。国与国之间的关系，包括经贸关系也需要理性对待。所谓公平贸易，最重要的是遵守世界公认的准则，那就是世贸组织确定的规则。

We need to follow a sensible approach in governing a country and dealing with state-to-state relations, incluidng business ties. For fair trade, the most important thing is to observe the universally recognized norms, namely the WTO rules.

至于汇率，也不应该成为问题了，最起码在座的企业家都会清楚地认识到这一点。从2005年7月份汇改到现在，人民币对美元升值达到30%，人民币的实际有效汇率升幅也达到了29.5%。我很高兴看到，前几天美国的一家报纸说，人民币汇率不应该再成为中美贸易的障碍。人民币币值现在基本上是均衡的，近期在香港无本金远期交割市场上，人民币已经出现了贬值的现象。

As for the exchange rate, it should not be a problem either. I believe all entrepreneurs present here know this clearly. Since we launched the reform of the RMB exchange rate regime in July 2005, the RMB has appreciated by 30% against the US dollar, and its real effective exchange rate has appreciated 29.5%. I am happy to see that an article in a US newspaper a few days ago said that the RMB exchange rate should no longer be an obstacle to China-US trade. The value of RMB is basically at a balanced level and the RMB even depreciated recently at the Hong Kong NDF market.

我们需要的是合作。我在2010年和2011年两次当面向奥巴马总统提出，两国要实行大规模的贸易、投资和金融合作，并且提出了具体的合作方案。我以为，这种合作有利于美国经济尽早复苏和增加就业，也有利于把两国经贸合作提高到一个新的水平，并保持长期稳定和可持续发展。

What we need is cooperation. I proposed to President Obama in person twice in 2010 and 2011 that China and the US should engage in large-scale trade, investment and financial cooperation, and put forward a specific cooperation plan. I believe such cooperation will help the US achieve an early economic recovery and create jobs. It will also help elevate our economic cooperation to a new level and ensure its long-term, steady, sustainable development.