英国财政大臣乔治·奥斯本在北京大学的演讲

爱思英语编者按：英国财政大臣乔治·奥斯本在演讲中表示，英国希望与中国分享经济成长；该国非常欢迎中国投资，希望人民币国际化能选择伦敦，并希望英国接纳更多中国留学生和游客。

Achieving Strong and Sustainable Economic Growth
--Speech to students at Peking University

The Rt Hon George Osborne MP

Peking University, Beijing

14 October 2013

It is an honour to be here at one of the great places of learning in the world – and to be among you, the students who are going to shape the future of that world.

This is my first visit to Peking University but not my first visit to Beijing. I came twenty years ago, when I was little more than a student.

That was twenty years ago – and I have been back to China many times, first as a young politician, and now again as my country’s finance minister.

What everyone says when they return again and again to China is how quickly your country is changing.

And it’s true.

Each time I come back here, there are spectacular new buildings, new railways and new airports, exciting new companies to visit, and the prosperity of the people I see around me has grown and grown.

But let me tell you what I also see when I come back here. The things that haven’t changed:

The pride of the Chinese people in their country.

The depth and sophistication of the Chinese culture.

The value you place on consistency and stability and on friendship.

And although with each visit I make I come to know more about your great country, I also, with each visit, realise that there is more and more I don’t know and that I want to learn.

Two years ago, the then Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan came to London.

He was, at the time, my opposite number in our two countries’ economic and financial dialogue.

We sat next to each other at dinner and spoke about the histories and the cultures of our two nations.

I come here at the head of a delegation of government ministers and business leaders to conduct our latest Economic and Financial dialogue.

I look forward to meeting later today, your Vice Premier Ma Kai, whose reputation for economic reform and diligence impresses all.

I come here at the same time as our Mayor of London, my friend Boris Johnson, who is here in Beijing also promoting our capital’s economic links. And over the next four days, we will work to conclude important commercial deals that will create thousands of jobs in both of our countries.

But I hope that this visit of mine is about much more than a collection of business deals.

What I really want it to be about is strengthening the understanding between our two nations, deepening our friendship, and working out where, by working together, we can improve the lives of all our citizens.

We are two nations on other sides of the globe – but we have much in common.

We are two ancient and proud civilisations, each whose culture has spread far beyond our shores.

We are two great trading nations, with a shared interest in keeping the trade routes of the world open and free.

We are two countries that care about the world and want to influence its future direction.

Yes we have differences, different political systems, and attach value to different things.

And we should not be afraid of pointing out where we disagree. But let us do it in a way that is respectful of each other, and tries to understand each other.

And let us always try to overcome our differences and work together in peaceful cooperation.

Because ultimately we want the same thing. A better life for all our citizens.

I will be candid with you.

There are some in the West who see China growing and they are nervous.

They think of the world as a cake - and the bigger the slice that China takes, the smaller the slice that they will get.

I totally and utterly reject that pessimistic view.

If we make the whole cake bigger, then all our peoples will benefit.

That should be the basis of our relationship with China.

I don’t want Britain to resent China’s success, I want us to celebrate it.

I don’t want us to try to resist your economic progress, I want Britain to share in it.

And I want this week us all to take the next big step in the relationship between Britain and China.

Because more jobs and investment in China mean more jobs and investment in Britain. And that equals better lives for all.

That is what this visit is all about:

Britain and China, taking the next big step.

What is so exciting at the moment is the sheer number of areas where we can work and collaborate together.

As China reforms and grows we are more complimentary.

In science, in finance, in urban redevelopment, in energy, in trade, in services and in our creative industries.

That’s why our leaders have called the relationship between Britain and China a “Partnership for Growth”.

And as China becomes a knowledge economy, that partnership can only deepen.

Yesterday, I flew here directly from the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund in Washington DC.

Our two countries are both senior members of that important organisation.

We heard in the presentations there in Washington that while many risks remain, the global economy is recovering.

Certainly, the UK economy is recovering - and that is because we have tackled our problems directly and consistently.

The result is that there are now more people in work in Britain than ever before, and we are becoming one of the most competitive places in the world to do business.

But as we recover, we in Britain need to make sure our recovery is more balanced than it was in the past; that we rely less on debt-fuelled consumption and more on investment and exports.

China too is striving under its new leadership to achieve more balanced and sustainable growth – and for you that means the opposite.

Rebalancing from investment to consumption.

This is part of President Xi’s vision to achieve the ‘China Dream’.

I applaud what the President and Premier Li have already achieved on the path of reform.

We’re excited about the new idea of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone. That is all part of developing services and we in Britain want to be part of it because services is such a strength of our economy.

For working together as “Partners for Growth”, we can achieve ever more.

Long gone, thankfully, are the days when Western politicians turned up here and simply demanded that China open up its economy to Western companies.

Long gone too are the days when all that Chinese companies appeared to offer was cheap, high volume and low quality manufacturing.

One of my tasks this week is to explain to the British people just how far China has come, how sophisticated your businesses are, and how advanced you are in the fields of high tech and science.

And one of my principal goals this week is not just to increase British investment in China. But to increase Chinese investment in Britain.

Here again, let me be quite candid with you.

Not every country in the world is happy to see foreign investment - including Chinese investment.

There are some countries, including some in Europe, who think the answer to the global race is to erect trade barriers and find all sorts of ways of making clear that Chinese investment is not welcome.

Britain isn’t one of those countries.

Indeed, I would go as far as to say that there is no country in the west that is more open to investment - especially from China.

For your investment means jobs at home for us.

Who owns a large share of the London water supply – and a share of Heathrow airport?

The China Investment Corporation.

Some nations wouldn’t want Chinese investment in critical infrastructure like water and airports. We welcome it.

Just as you welcomed the British design partnerships that built Beijing Terminal 3.

In fact, yesterday I announced a new partnership, involving Beijing Construction and Engineering Group that will see £800 million of investment into the new Manchester Airport City development and could contribute 16,000 jobs in the North West of England.

That’s good for Manchester. Good for Britain – and good for China too.

And take your great high-tech company, Huawei.

There are some Western governments that have blocked Huawei from making investments.

Not Britain.

Quite the opposite.

That is why I was pleased to welcome Huawei’s opening of a flagship office in our country in June, and of £1.3bn of investment that came with it.

And this week I will travel myself to visit the company’s global headquarters in Shenzhen to see what more we can do together.

Indeed, one of the most exciting opportunities for collaboration between our two economies is in the field of high tech.

For those in the West who still harbour outdated views of the Chinese economy as the home only of low cost, low quality manufacturing, I say come to see the new giants of the internet age, meet as I will companies like Tencent, with over 230 million users of WeChat, or Rekoo, Asia’s largest social gaming company - born in China, nurtured in China and ready now to expand across the world.

We want to collaborate with China and Chinese businesses in areas like technology, bioscience, green energy and third generation nuclear power that are at the cutting edge of the world economy.

In all these areas, let’s take the next big step together.

It is a partnership of growth and a partnership of equals.

Last year, Britain became the most popular destination in Europe for Chinese investment.

And last year, goods exports from Britain to China grew faster than any other European nation.

As your country and its people grow richer, I hope you will want more of the goods and services Britain can supply.

Our modern pharmaceuticals.

Our premier luxury brands like Burberry and Paul Smith.

Our excellent cars from Jaguar Land Rover and Bentley.

Our aero-engines from Rolls Royce and airplanes from Airbus.

Our high quality film and television, from James Bond to Downton Abbey.

At 160 million, more than twice as many people in China are watching the goings on in Downton Abbey as live in the whole UK.

One area where Britain excels is finance – and I want Chinese families to have the security that comes from British pensions and insurance and banking services.

One of the most exciting developments in our Economic and Financial Dialogue has been the work we have done together on the internationalisation of the RMB.

A great nation like China should have a great global currency.

The pace at which you develop it must be a matter for Chinese policymakers, and later today I will meet with Governor Zhou of the People’s Bank of China to discuss that.

But it is my personal mission that as you develop an international role for the RMB, you develop that role through the international centre of finance – London.

Two years ago, we began that process from scratch at our last economic dialogue. Today, as a result, 62% of RMB payments outside of mainland China and Hong Kong are made in London.

Tomorrow, in our latest dialogue, I look forward to taking further big steps forward in making London a home of Chinese banks, Chinese bonds an Chinese finance.

I’ve talked of friendship, of a global economic partnership and of the business our two nations can do together.

But we are in a university – and I want to end where it all begins, with learning.

For knowledge and understanding of our world is what makes us human.

One of the greatest students of this university was the poet Xu Zhimo.

He studied here, but he also studied at the great British University of Cambridge.

He drew on China’s rich heritage - and also on Britain’s too.

One of his most famous poems is called ‘Farewell Cambridge” – Zai bie Kang qiao.

You are the students of today who will write the poems of tomorrow.

And you will make the scientific discoveries of the future too.

Let us do that together.

The cooperation between Chinese scientists and British scientists is one of the strongest in the world – and I’d like it stronger still.

This great university should be at the heart of that.

So I am delighted to announce here the establishment of a new partnership between Peking University and Manchester University in the UK with the creation of a new joint centre for Genomic Medicine.

Here in the oldest and most prestigious medical school in China, let’s work together on the medicines of tomorrow.

This partnership will – I hope – give even more of you the chance to come to Britain and study there.

Already 130,000 students like you do.

I want more of you to come. And more Chinese visitors too.

Let me make this clear to you and to the whole of China.

There is no limit to the number of Chinese who can study in Britain.

No limit to the number of Chinese tourists who can visit.

No limit on the amount of business we can do together.

For in the end what is a true dialogue?

Not just a meeting between governments.

Not just a conference of politicians.

A real dialogue is where people get together, and talk, and learn, and understand and embrace the future together.

So let Britain and China take our next big step together – for the view of the future is worth it.

Thank you.

在北京大学的演讲

英国财政大臣乔治·奥斯本

北京大学，北京

2013年10月14日

很荣幸能够来到世界顶级的学习圣地之一，来和你们这些创造未来的学生们在一起。

这是我第一次来到北京大学，不过不是我第一次来北京。二十年前我来过北京，那时我刚刚结束学生生涯。

我肩上背着一个背包，带着探索你们伟大文明的渴望来到了这里。

我在首都北京逗留了一阵，然后坐火车去了贸易与商务中心上海。

然后我坐船去了武汉，从那里飞到了西南大都市成都，然后又去了南方的桂林，最后从上海回到了英国。

那是二十年前的事情了，后来我又来过中国很多次，先是作为年轻的政客，现在是我们国家的财政部长。

有句话每个经常来中国的人都说，那就是：你们的国家改变得太快了。

这一点都没错。

每次我回到这里，都能发现宏伟的新建筑、新铁路、新机场、新公司，还看到周围人们的生活越来越繁荣。

但是，让我告诉你们每次我回到这里看到的那些没有变化的事情：

中国人民的自豪感

中国文化的深度与成熟

你们对持久、稳定、友谊所赋予的价值

尽管每次来我都对你们伟大的国家了解更多，同时我也发现，还有很多很多我不知道的。我很想继续学习。

两年前，中国前副总理王岐山访问伦敦。

他那时和我一起负责两国的“中英经济财金对话”。

我们在晚宴上坐在彼此旁边，谈论我们两国的历史和文化。

王岐山副总理展示了他对英国的了解。他向我询问了我们的著名作家简·奥斯汀，并想知道更多关于英国知名历史人物的情况，比如政治家托马斯·克伦威尔。

坦率地说，我很钦佩他对英国知之甚多；同时对我不甚了解中国历史和文学而有些不好意思。

所以我尽可能地更多学习关于中国的知识，并理解更多。

我十岁的女儿帮助了我很多，她在伦敦上学的学校里学习汉语。她在周末会教我写一些基本的汉字。

但是我还有很长的路要走！

我讲这个故事是因为它概括了我本周在中国访问的所有事宜。

我作为一个政府部长和商业领袖代表团的团长来进行我们两国最新一期的“经济财金对话”。

我期望今天晚些时候能够与你们的副总理马凯会面，他在经济改革和勤奋工作方面的声誉让人印象深刻。

和我一起来这里的还有伦敦市长、我的好朋友鲍里斯·约翰逊。他来北京推广我们的首都伦敦及其经济动脉。

在接下来的 四天里，我们一起工作，签署重要的商业订单，它们将为我们两国创造数以千计的工作岗位。

但是我希望这次的访问不仅仅是关于一系列的商业订单。

因为我真正希望的，是能够加强我们两国之间互相的理解，加深我们的友谊，并且通过一起工作，了解在哪些部分我们可以提高两国公民的生活。

我们是地球两端不同的国家，但是我们有很多共同之处。

我们是两个古老且自豪的文明国家，我们的文化都远远传播出了我们的国界。

我们是两个贸易大国，共同维护世界贸易渠道开放自由。

我们两国关心世界，并希望能够影响世界未来的发展方向。

当然，我们也有很多不同的地方，不同的 政治体系，不同的价值观。

我们不应该害怕指出我们互相不一致的部分，但是我们不应该用一种不尊重彼此的方法。让我们试着理解彼此。

让我们永远试着来克服差异，和平地合作。

因为最终，我们希望看到的是同一个结果。我们所有公民更好地生活。

今天我很坦率地和你们说：

西方确实有些人看到中国发展而感到紧张。

他们认为世界就像一个大蛋糕，中国拿走了大的部分，他们就只能拿小的部分。

我完全不同意这种悲观的观点。

如果我们一起把这个蛋糕变得更大，那我们所有的人民都会受益。这才应该是我们和中国关系的基本。

我不希望英国嫉恨中国的成功，我希望大家一起庆祝。

我不希望英国试图阻止你们的经济进程，我希望英国一起分享。

我希望本周，我们所有人能够一起让英中两国关系大大地前进一步。

在中国有更多的就业机会和投资，就意味着在英国也有更多的就业机会和投资。这对我们两国都有好处。

这就是我这次访问的目的：

英国和中国，前进一大步。

现在让人非常激动的是我们两国在很多方面都可以一起很好地工作与合作。

当中国进行改革与增长时，我们可以很好地互补，在科技、金融、城市发展、能源、贸易方面，还有我们的创意产业。

这也是我们两国首脑把英中两国关系比喻为“共同增长的伙伴”

随着中国成为一个知识经济体，这种关系只会更加深化。

昨天，我从在华盛顿召开的国际货币基金组织年会直接飞过来。

我们两国都是这个重要组织的高级成员。

我们在华盛顿听取了报告，尽管风险仍在，全球经济正在复苏。

当然，英国经济也在复苏，因为我们直接地、连贯性地克服了困难。

这个结果就是现在英国有工作的人比以往任何时候都多，而且我们正在成为世界上进行商业活动最有竞争力的地点之一。

但是，随着我们的经济复苏，我们也要确定我们的经济比之前要更平衡；我们不能再过多依靠债务消费，更需要更多的投资与出口。

中国在新的领导班子下也在努力取得更平衡与持久的增长。

对你们来说正相反，你们要从投资转向消费。

这也是习主席实现“中国梦”的一部分。

我为习主席和李总理已经取得的改革成就鼓掌。

我们对上海自由贸易区的理念很激动。那就是要发展服务业。在英国的我们很想参与其中，因为服务业是我们经济里非常强盛的一部分。

作为“共同增长的伙伴”，我们可以一起收获更多。

很久以前，西方政客来到中国，简单地希望中国对西方公司打开大门。感谢他们。

还是很久以前，中国公司开始提供廉价量产的低质制造业。

本周我的一个任务就是要跟英国人民解释中国已经走了多远、你们的商业有多么成熟、你们在高科技和科学领域是多么先进。

我这周还有个目标就是不光增加英国在华的投资，还要增加中国在英国的投资。

所以，让我再坦率一次：

并不是每个国家都乐意看到外国的投资——包括中国投资。

有些国家，包括一些欧洲国家，认为在全球经济赛跑的大道上，就是要竖立起贸易障碍并且找到各种理由来说明中国投资不受欢迎。

英国不是这样的国家。

实际上我可以说，世界上没有任何一个西方国家比英国更欢迎外国投资了，尤其是来自中国的投资。

比如，谁拥有伦敦水务和希思罗机场的大笔份额？

中国投资有限责任公司。

有些国家不愿意让中国企业投资其水务和机场等重要基础设施。但我们对此很欢迎。

正像中国欢迎英国设计公司参与北京首都国际机场3号航站楼的建设一样。

实际上，昨天我刚宣布了一项新的合作计划，北京建工集团将参与共同建设总投资8亿英镑的曼彻斯特空港城，这项合作计划将为英格兰西北部地区创造1.6 万个工作岗位。

这一合作计划既有利于曼彻斯特和整个英国，也有利于中国。

再以中国优秀的高科技公司华为为例。

有些西方国家曾阻止华为对其进行投资。

但英国没有这样做。

而是恰恰相反。

这也是我非常欢迎华为今年6月在英国开设旗舰办公室的原因。华为为英国带来了13亿英镑的投资。

本周我将亲自赴深圳参观其全球总部，希望可以与其开展更多的合作项目。

的确，英中两国之间最令人兴奋的合作机会就是在高科技领域。

对于西方那些仍认为中国是低成本、低质量的制造业中心的过时观点，我要说的是到中国看一看新的互联网巨头，像我一样去和有着2.3亿微信用户的腾讯公司或亚洲最大的社交游戏公司热酷（Rekoo），这些都是在中国发展壮大并准备向全球各地拓展业务的中国企业。

我们希望与中国企业在科技、生物科学、绿色能源和第三代核电等世界经济中的尖端领域开展合作。

我们将在所有以上行业中共同开展下一大步的合作。

这是一个共同增长的伙伴关系，一个平等互利的伙伴关系。

去年，英国成为中国对欧投资最受欢迎的目的地。

去年，英国对华商品出口较其他任何欧洲国家都多。

随着中国综合国力和人民财富的增加，我希望你们将会需要更多的英国产品和服务。

例如，英国的现代制药业，

巴宝莉和保罗·史密斯等英国高端奢侈品品牌。

路虎和宾利等性能优异的英国汽车。

罗尔斯·罗伊斯的航空发动机和空中客车的飞机。

从詹姆斯·邦德到《夏洛克》到《唐顿庄园》等高质量的影视作品。

中国有1.6亿人在观看唐顿庄园，是全英常驻人口的两倍多。

英国非常擅长的一个行业是金融业——希望中国家庭对英国的养老金、保险和银行服务充满信心。

“中英经济财金对话”最令人兴奋的一项进展就是双方共同推进了人民币的国际化进程。

像中国这样的大国应该拥有一个重要的全球性货币。

你们的发展速度对中国的决策者来说至关重要，今天晚些时候我将与中国人民银行行长周小川先生会晤，讨论这个问题。

不过我个人的职责在于，随着你们开发人民币的国际角色，你们通过国际金融中心伦敦来开发这个角色。

两年前，根据我们在上次经济对话中的草议，我们开始这个进程。到今天的结果是，在中国大陆和香港以外的62%人民币支付都是在伦敦进行的。

明天，在我们的最新一次对话中，我期待在将伦敦作为中国各银行、中国债券和中国金融的海外中心方面，取得重大进展。

我谈了友谊、全球经济合作伙伴和我们两国的商业关系以及两国可以开展合作的领域。

我们是在一所大学里，我也希望以学习这一话题结束我的演讲。

我们对世界的认识和了解是我们作为人类的所在。

这所大学出过一位伟大的校友徐志摩。

他曾在北京大学学习，而且他还在英国著名的学府剑桥大学留学。

他吸收了中国丰富的文化历史，同时也从英国丰富的文化遗产中受益。

他有一首非常著名的诗《再别康桥》。

今天你们是学生，但明天的诗篇靠你们去书写。

你们也会去做未来的科学发现。

让我们一起去做吧！

中国科学家和英国科学家之间有着世界上最牢固的合作关系，我希望以后能够更加牢固。

这座伟大的学府会是其中的核心。

所以在这里，我要很高兴地宣布北京大学与曼彻斯特大学建立新的合作伙伴关系，同时创立新的基因医学联合中心。

在这个中国最古老的最负盛名的医学院，让我们为明天的医学事业共同努力。

我希望这个伙伴关系将会让你们当中更多人有机会去英国学习。

现在已经有130,000名中国学生在英国留学。

我希望能有更多的人来，同时也欢迎更多的中国游客前来。

我要向你们和整个中国清楚地表达这一点。

对能来英国留学的中国学生，没有人数上的限制。

对能来英国旅游的中国游客，没有人数上的限制。

对我们能合作的商业机会没有限制。

那么究竟什么是真正的对话呢？

不仅是政府之间的会议。

不仅是政客之间的会议。

真正的对话是人们聚在一起，互相讨论、学习和了解，共同畅想未来。

二十年前，当我还是一个学生，我参观了四川省的著名佛教圣地峨嵋山。我走了非常多步，用了好几个小时才爬到了山顶。

但是付出的努力很值得，从山顶看到的景色精彩绝伦。

我们两国之间的友谊也需要努力。

但是这个过程值得。

所以，让英国和中国携手迈出下一步，因为从未来的视角来看，值得如此去做。

谢谢。