6招教你如何做一场出色的演说

讲座是传统教学的一种方法，或许是最古老的一种方法。一些批评者认为讲座是一种被动的教学方式。然而，讲座不总是被动的。一个高效的讲座是经过计划和选择的。下面是一些规划讲座的小妙招。

1. Don't Cover It All

1.不要包括所有的内容

Base your lecture on the most important material, a topic that your listeners are likely to find difficult or material that doesn't appear in the text.

以最重要的内容构建讲座，可以选择听众们觉得困难的话题或者课本中没有出现的内容。

2. Make Choices

2.做出选择

Your lecture should present no more than three or four major issues, with time for examples and questions. Determine the critical message of your lecture and then remove the adornments. Present the bare bones in a succinct story.

讲座呈现的问题应该不超过三个或者四个，这样就有时间进行举例和提问。判断出讲座中的重要信息并且删掉修饰内容。呈现出一个简洁的故事梗概。

Listeners will absorb the salient points easily if they are few in number, clear, and coupled with examples.

如果要点数量不多，清楚并且有例子进行解释，听众们会容易理解。

3. Present in Small Chunks

3. 以小版块内容呈现

Present your lectures in 20-minute chunks. What's wrong with a 1- or 2-hour lecture? Research shows that listeners remember the first and the last ten minutes of lecture, but little of the intervening time.

以20分钟的小版块内容呈现讲座。一个小时或者两个小时的讲授有问题？据调查显示听众们记得讲座前10分钟和后10分钟的内容，但是很少记得讲座中间说了什么。

4. Encourage Active Processing

4.鼓励积极处理

Learning is a constructive process. Listeners must think about the material, relate new knowledge to what is already known, and apply knowledge to new situations. Effective instructors use active learning techniques during the lectures.

学习是一个构建性的过程。听众们必须思考学习内容，把新知识跟已经学过的知识联系起来并且运用到新的环境中。高效的讲座者在讲座中使用积极的学习技巧。

Listeners tend to prefer active learning techniques because they are engaging and fun.

听众们更喜欢积极的学习技巧,因为他们能够参与其中并且觉得有趣。

5. Pose Reflective Questions

5.提出沉思性问题

The simplest way of using active learning techniques is to ask reflective questions, not yes or no questions, but those that require listeners to think. For example, “What would you do in this particular situation? How would you approach solving this problem?” Reflective questions are difficult and will require time to think, so be prepared to wait for an answer (likely at least 30 seconds). Endure the silence.

使用积极的学习技巧，最简单的办法就是提问沉思性的问题，不是简单回答对或者错的问题，而是那些需要听众们去思考的问题。例如，“在这种情况下你会怎么做？你会怎样解决这个问题？”沉思性的问题是有难度的并且需要时间去思考，因此要准备好去等待答案（可能至少是30秒）。要经得住沉默。

6. Get Them Writing

6.让听众们动手写

The benefit of asking listeners to consider the question in writing is that they will have time to think through their response and feel more comfortable discussing their views without fear of forgetting their point.

让听众们通过动手写去考虑问题的好处就是，听众们们会有时间去考虑问题，他们会在讨论观点的时候表现得更加自然，不用害怕忘记要点。

Breaking up a lecture and interspersing it with discussion and active learning takes the pressure off of you as the instructor. An hour and fifteen minutes, or even fifty minutes is a long time to talk. And it's a long time to listen. Try these techniques and vary your strategies to make it easier on everyone and increase your likelihood of success in the classroom.

使讲座分层，并且以讨论和积极的学习贯穿其中能够减少作为讲座者的压力。无论是听还是讲，一个小时十五分钟或者五十五分钟都是很长的一段时间。使用这些技巧或者转换策略使讲座变得更加容易，而且增加成功的可能性。