一、定义定语从句是指在句中做定语作用,修饰句中的名词或代词的从句,其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时,其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。二、定语从句的结构定语从句一般位于先行词的后面,定语从句由关系代词who,whom, whose, that, which,that, as和关系副词when, where, why等引导。(一) 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。(1)who,whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中做主语和宾语。例如:·Is hethe man who/that wants to see you他就是你想见的人吗(who/that在从句中做主语)·He isthe man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中做宾语)(2)whose 用作关系词表示所属格,也可看作是关系形容词,因为它后面必须接一个名词连用。不能单独使用。例如:·Theyrushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。(3)which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如:·Aprosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in thecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which /that在句中作宾语)(二)关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。(1)关系副词when,where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。例如:·Thereare occasions when(on which)onemust yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。·Beijingis the place where(in which)I wasborn.北京是我的出生地。·Is thisthe reason why(for which)herefused our offer这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗(2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:·Hisfather died the year(that / when / in which)he wasborn.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。· He isunlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)helived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 |