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基础语法讲解—如何识别同位语

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1. 特殊标点对于同位语的识别,可以从它的作用着手。由于同位语的作用是解释说明,考研英语的文章中也经常会出现一些特殊的标点符号,比如,破折号,冒号和括号。这些标点在汉语中有解释说明的作用,英语亦如此。因此,这些特殊标点符号之后,通常是一些同位语成分。来看两道真题例句。? As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.(2014年Text3)解析:本句是一个复合句。句首是as引导的定从;其后是there be句型的存在句,其中两个破折号之间是同位语成分,对science prizes进一步解释说明。重点词汇:Nature 《自然》杂志;legitimate 合理的;concerns 关心,关注;distribute 发放;参考译文:正如《自然》杂志之前提出的那样,我们可以合理地关注科学奖项(新旧都有)是如何发放的。Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.(2014年翻译49题)解析:本句中,“Especially significant was his view of freedom”是整句话的主干部分,同时也是一个表系主的倒装句;其后,which引导定从,修饰his view of freedom;冒号之后是同位语成分,解释说明主干部分中的his view of freedom重点单词:significant重要的;be associated with与...相关;responsibilities责任;advocate倡导;expression表达;参考译文:他自由的观点尤其重要,对他来说,这种观点与个人的权利和责任相关,即:他倡导思想和个人表达的自由。2. 举例处常见的一些举例词,比如 namely,such as, particularly, especially and etc. 这些举例的连词之后,通常是同位语成分,对前面的内容进行进一步解释说明。?But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review. (2015年Text3)解析:本句结构为主谓宾,其中宾语是that引导的宾从,宾从的主语是biomedical journals,其后是such as引导的同位语成分,谓宾部分:pay strong attention to statistical review重点词汇:note 指出;biomedical journals 生物医学周刊;statistical review 统计数字评论;参考译文:但是,他指出一些生物医学周刊,比如,《内科医学年鉴》 《美国医学协会期刊》和《刺血针》 应着重关心统计数字评论。Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.解析:本句是简单句结构,主语Global challenges and social innovation;谓宾部分:ought to receive much more attention from scientists,同位语成分:especially the young ones.重点词汇:challenges 挑战;innovation 创新;参考译文:全球性挑战和社会创新应该受到科学家的关注,尤其是年轻的科学家。

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