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对策③：不拘泥于词或短语的本义，而从其引申义来考虑。 例一：2000年9月试题第23题 23. The phrase "take off (paragraph 4) means _________. (A) transfer to another vessel (B) cause to lose weight (C) begin to develop markedly (D) cause to leave the ground 请看原文： Over here, in Britain, Computertowns have taken off in a big way, and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club. take off本义为（飞机）起飞或物体离开地面，选项D即为take off的本义，但是把D带到原文中解释不通，可见，出题者并不是想考我们take off的本义，而是在文中的引申义。请注意原文中紧跟take off的方式状语in a big way，后面指出已有约40个之多的Computertown散布在全国各地，后面successful一词进一步说明Computertown是朝着positive方向发展的, 所以答案明显为表示快速发展的C。 例二：2001年3月试题第11题 11. The word "wasteland" (para.1) is used to describe ________. (A) western badlands (B) average television programs (C) TV film studios (D) theatrical plays 请看原文： When the television is good, nothing-not the theatre, not the magazines, or newspapers-nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence, audience-participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen, Western goodmen, private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials that scream and cajole and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it. wasteland本义为land that is desolate, barren, or ravaged,即荒地，废地。A中badland即为wasteland的本义，带到原文中等于同义替代，并没有作出解释，显然不是出题者的意图所在。而从wasteland后面的内容可以看出电视节目中充斥着暴力、血腥、谋杀、俗套的喜剧种种格调不高的内容，总之无聊透顶，所以答案不言自明，选B。 作者采用了metaphor(暗喻）的手法，对令人失望的电视节目大加讽刺，从另一个侧面反映了西方社会精神食粮的匮乏和作者在看似调侃的语调中对电视文化流露出的失望和愤慨。顺便赏析一下阴影部分，难道你不觉得作者这样写很风趣幽默吗？我们是否在写作时也可模仿一下，比如：When money is good, nothing is better. But when money is bad, nothing is worse. If you thank I exaggerate, try it. 你觉得如何呢？ 对策④：解释法。 例：2000年9月试题第29和30题 29. Breeding the hybrid offspring to fix desirable traits is called _________. (A) naturally selecting (B) inbreeding (C) pedigree breeding (D) pure-breeding 30. A farmer imported several fine long wool Tomney sheep from Australia to breed with his Debouittet sheep in hopes of increasing the value of the flock’s wool. This is an example of _________. (A) pure-breeding (B) crossbreeding (C) reproducing (D) cloning |
