英国历史人物：托马斯 哈代

托马斯·哈代简介

托马斯·哈代（Thomas Hardy），英国最杰出的乡土小说家、诗人。

他生于农村没落贵族家庭。1861年去伦敦学建筑工程，并从事文学、哲学和神学的研究。当过几年建筑师，后致力于文学创作。

哈代一生共发表了近20部长篇小说，其中最著名的当推《德伯家的苔丝》、《无名的裘德》、《还乡》和《卡斯特桥市长》。诗8集，共918首，此外，还有许多以“威塞克斯故事”为总名的中短篇小说，以及长篇史诗剧《列王》。

Thomas Hardy was an English novelist and poet. A Victorian realist, in the tradition of George Eliot, he was also influenced both in his novels and poetry by Romanticism, especially by William Wordsworth. Charles Dickens is another important influence on Thomas Hardy. Like Dickens, he was also highly critical of much in Victorian society, though Hardy focused more on a declining rural society.

While Hardy wrote poetry throughout his life, and regarded himself primarily as a poet, his first collection was not published until 1898. Initially therefore he gained fame as the author of such novels as Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891), and Jude the Obscure (1895). However, since the 1950s Hardy has been recognized as a major poet, and had a significant influence on The Movement poets of the 1950s and 1960s, including Phillip Larkin.

The bulk of his fictional works, initially published as serials in magazines, were set in the semi-fictional region of Wessex and explored tragic characters struggling against their passions and social circumstances. Hardy's Wessex is based on the medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom and eventually came to include the counties of Dorset, Wiltshire, Somerset, Devon, Hampshire and much of Berkshire, in southwest and south central England.

代表作品：

性格与环境：《绿林荫下》、《远离尘嚣》、《还乡》、《卡斯特桥市长》、《林居人》、《德伯家的苔丝》、《无名的裘德》等

罗曼史与幻想：《一双湛蓝的秋波》、《司号长》、《塔中恋人》、《意中人》等

精于结构：计出无奈》、《埃塞贝妲的婚事》、《冷淡女子》等

哈代名言：

It is difficult for a woman to define her feelings in a language which is chiefly made by men to express theirs.
女人用语言解释感受很困难，因为语言主要是男人创造，以表达男人的感受。

There is a condition worse than blindness, and that is, seeing something that isn't there.
眼睛看见不存在的事物，跟眼睛看不见相比更糟糕。

The sudden disappointment of a hope leaves a scar which the ultimate fulfillment of that hope never entirely removes.
希望突然变失望就会留下疤痕，这疤痕即便在希望最终实现以后，也绝不会完全消除。

Once victim, always victim -- that's the law!
法律就是这样：一旦成了受害者就永远是受害者。

The main object of religion is not to get a man into heaven, but to get heaven into him.
宗教的目的不是把人类送到天堂，而是把天堂带进人类。

Fear is the mother of foresight.
恐惧是先见之母。

A woman would rather visit her own grave than the place where she has been young and beautiful after she is aged and ugly.
一个年老变丑的女人，宁肯去自己的坟墓，也不愿意去她年青漂亮过的地方。

Do not do an immoral thing for moral reasons.
不以道德之理，行非道德之事。

Patience, that blending of moral courage with physical timidity.
用身体的容忍与道德的勇气混在一起就成了耐心。

A man's silence is wonderful to listen to.
人的沉默是最好听的佳音。

Cruelty is the law pervading all nature and society; and we can't get out of it if we would.
残酷是充斥整个自然和社会的法则，我们要逃也逃不了。

A lover without indiscretion is no lover at all.
不会轻率鲁莽的情人根本就不是情人。