世界文学名家：俄国文豪托尔斯泰
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爱思英语编者按：列夫·尼古拉耶维奇·托尔斯泰，俄国小说家、评论家、剧作家和哲学家，同时也是教育改革家。他最著名的作品是两部长篇小说：《战争与和平》和《安娜·卡列尼娜》。
托尔斯泰被认为是世界上最伟大的作家之一，高尔基曾言：“不认识托尔斯泰者，不可能认识俄罗斯。”在文学创作和社会活动中，他还提出了“托尔斯泰主义”，对很多政治运动有着深刻影响。 Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, also known as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who primarily wrote novels and short stories. Tolstoy was a master of realistic fiction and is widely considered one of the world's greatest novelists. He is best known for two long novels, War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina (1877). Tolstoy first achieved literary acclaim in his 20s for his Sevastopol Sketches (1855), based on his experiences in the Crimean War. Tolstoy is equally known for his complicated and paradoxical persona and for his extreme moralistic and ascetic views, which he adopted after a moral crisis and spiritual awakening in the 1870s. His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him in later life to become a fervent Christian anarchist and anarcho-pacifist. His ideas on nonviolent resistance have a profound impact on such pivotal twentieth-century figures as Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. 【主要作品】 小说： 散文：《什么是艺术》《天国在你们心中》《到底怎么办？》《当代的奴隶制度》 戏剧：《黑暗的势力》《教育的果实》《活尸》 【名言】 Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. - Anna Karenina We can know only that we know nothing. And that is the highest degree of human wisdom. - War and Peace It is amazing how complete is the delusion that beauty is goodness. - The Kreutzer Sonata Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself. The two most powerful warriors are patience and time. 【电影】 A 2009 film about Tolstoy's final year, The Last Station, based on the novel by Jay Parini, was made by director Michael Hoffman with Christopher Plummer as Tolstoy and Helen Mirren as Sofya Tolstoya. Both performers were nominated for Oscars for their roles. |
