世界无烟日：全球每年300万人因吸烟过早死亡

Fewer people are smoking worldwide, especially women, but only one country in eight is on track to meet a target of reducing tobacco use significantly by 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) said on Thursday.

世界卫生组织本周四表示，全球吸烟人数特别是女性吸烟者在减少，但仅有八分之一的国家有望在2025年前实现大规模减少烟草使用的目标。

Three million people die prematurely each year due to tobacco use that causes cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and stroke, the world's leading killers, it said, marking World No Tobacco Day. They include 890,000 deaths through second-hand smoke exposure.

世卫组织在世界无烟日到来之际表示，全球每年有300万人因烟草使用导致的心脏病和中风等心血管疾病过早死亡，其中89万人死于二手烟。这些疾病是头号健康杀手。

The WHO clinched a landmark treaty in 2005, now ratified by 180 countries, that calls for a ban on tobacco advertising and sponsorship, and taxes to discourage use.

世卫组织在2005年缔结了一项标志性公约，呼吁禁止烟草广告和赞助，并增加烟草税来控烟。如今已有180个成员批准生效。

"The worldwide prevalence of tobacco smoking has decreased from 27 percent in 2000 to 20 percent in 2016, so progress has been made," Douglas Bettcher, director of the WHO's prevention of noncommunicable diseases department, told a news briefing.

世卫组织非传染性疾病预防司司长道格拉斯•贝彻在新闻发布会上说：“全球吸烟率已从2000年的27%下降到2016年的20%，我们已经取得了进步。”

Launching the WHO's global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco smoking, he said that industrialized countries are making faster progress than developing countries.

他在发布世卫组织全球吸烟率趋势报告时说，工业化国家比发展中国家控烟进步更快。

"One of the major factors impeding low- and middle-income countries certainly is countries face resistance by a tobacco industry who wishes to replace clients who die by freely marketing their products and keeping prices affordable for young people," he added.

他补充说：“阻碍中低收入国家控烟的一大因素当然是来自烟草行业的阻力，这些国家的烟草行业希望自由销售他们的产品，而且让年轻人买得起，来实现消费者的更替。”

Progress in kicking the habit is uneven, with the Americas the only region set to meet the target of a 30 percent reduction in tobacco use by 2025 compared to 2010, for both men and women, the WHO said.

世卫组织说，各国在控烟方面进展不一，与2010年相比，美洲是唯一一个将在2025年前实现男性和女性的烟草使用量降低30%的地区。

However, the United States is currently not on track, bogged down by litigation over warnings on cigarette packaging and lags in taxation, said Vinayak Prasad of the WHO's tobacco control unit.

世卫组织烟草控制部门的维纳亚克-普拉萨德说，但由于烟草包装警示标识的诉讼以及烟草税征收不力，美国目前的控烟进展并不顺利。

Parts of Western Europe have reached a "standstill," particularly due to a failure to get women to stop smoking, African men are lagging, and tobacco use in the Middle East is actually set to increase, the WHO said.

部分西欧地区进入“停滞期”，部分原因是没能让女性戒烟。非洲男性也拖了后腿，中东地区的烟草使用其实在增加。

Overall, tobacco kills more than 7 million a year and many people know that it increases the risk of cancer, the WHO said.

世卫组织称，总体来看，吸烟每年导致超过700万人死亡，很多人都知道吸烟会增加患癌风险。

But many tobacco users in China and India are unaware of their increased risk of developing heart disease and stroke, making it urgent to step up awareness campaigns, it said.

但中国和印度的很多烟草使用者并没有意识到他们患上心脏病和中风的风险在增加，要加强宣传增强意识。

"The percentage of adults who do not believe smoking causes stroke are for example in China as high as 73 percent, for heart attacks 61 percent of adults in China are not aware that smoking increases the risk," Bettcher said. "We aim to close this gap."

贝彻说：“比如在中国，有多达73%的成年人不相信吸烟会导致中风，61%的成年人不知道吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险。我们要缩小这个差距。”

China and India have the highest numbers of smokers worldwide, accounting for 307 million and 106 million, respectively, of the world's 1.1 billion adult smokers, followed by Indonesia with 74 million, WHO figures show. India also has 200 million of the world's 367 million smokeless tobacco users.

世卫组织的数据显示，全球共有11亿成年吸烟者。中国和印度的吸烟人数全球最高，分别是3.07亿人和1.06亿人。排在之后的是印度尼西亚，吸烟者有7400万人。全球共有3.67亿无烟烟草制品使用者，其中印度占了2亿。