神经学家解读:什么是偏头痛
There's nothing quite like the misery of a migraine. If you're among the nearly 20 percent of women who suffer from these headaches, you know how painful they can be. But there's new reason for hope: Researchers are finally shedding light on what was once a mostly misunderstood medical phenomenon. "Even just 10 years ago, doctors thought migraines were a blood vessel problem," explains Geoffrey Eubank, MD, the medical chief of general neurology at OhioHealth in Columbus. "Now we know they are neurological, meaning they're caused by a burst of cellular activity in the brain. And that has contributed to innovations in treatment." This is especially good news for women, since we're three times as likely as men to get a migraine. You could blame estrogen, though the link between the hormone and brain pain isn't entirely clear. "Fluctuations in estrogen appear to trigger migraines," says Dr. Eubank, which is why some women are more likely to get a migraine right before their period, during or after pregnancy, or during menopause. But other common migraine triggers aren't gender-specific. Think alcohol, artificial sweeteners, cured meats (like hot dogs and salami), foods that contain the compound tyramine (including aged cheese, some soy products, and red wine), dairy, chocolate, gluten, nuts, and the additive monosodium glutamate, a.k.a. MSG. Then there's the weather. Some migraine sufferers are especially sensitive to changes in barometric pressure-such as the drop that occurs right before a thunderstorm or when you're ascending in a plane. Warmer temperatures may be another trigger: A 2009 Harvard study found that every 9-degree increase in temperature led to a 7.5 percent increase of severe headaches, including migraine. (With global warming on the rise, some experts think that could mean more pain for some women.) Your day-to-day habits can play a role too. Skimping on sleep or an irregular sleep schedule (waking up and dozing off at different times most days) can prompt a migraine. So can stress; though plummeting cortisol levels after a tense period are sometimes even more likely to trigger an attack than tension itself-hence the dreaded "weekend migraine." |