... not ..., neither ... 結構︰(前句)否定句,+(後句)nor/neither+肯定式動詞+主詞… 說明︰後句是補充的否定,因為以 no,neither 開頭,所以要採用倒裝句構。 She has no experience in typing, nor does the skill interest her. 她沒有打字經驗,那種技術也引不起她的興趣。 You can’t cancel the contract, nor can I, nor can anybody else. 你不能撤約,我也不能,任何人都不能。 The first isn’t good, and neither is the second. 第一個不是好的,第二個也不好。 You did not see the teacher, neither did I. 你沒有看見老師,我也沒有。 ... not ... still ... 結構︰主詞+否定式動詞…+much less/still less+名詞片語/子句 說明︰much less 或 still less 引導的<片語>或<子句>,表示一種追加的否定。less 是由 little 的否定意義而來的,所以只能用於<否定句>,一般譯做“更無;更不”。 She cannot buy daily necessities, much less luxuries. 她連生活必需品都不能買,更不用說奢侈品。 He can hardly run a mile, much less the marathon.他連一哩都跑不了,更不用說馬拉松了。 I did not even see him, still less talk with him.我看也沒看見他,更不用說跟他談過話了。 ..., to say nothing of ... 結構︰主詞+否定式動詞…;+to say nothing of+名詞(子句) 說明︰此句型意為“更不用說;更不待言”。to say nothing of 可用 not to speak of,not to mention等代替。 He does not know English, to say nothing of German or French. 他不懂英文,更不要說德文和法文了。 At that time they could not produce ordinary garments, not to speak of high-grade ones. 那時他們連普通衣服都不能生產,更不要說高級的了。 We can’t afford a car, not to mention the fact that we have no garage. 我們買不起汽車,沒有車庫的事就更不必說了。 It hardly/scarcely + V ... 結構︰主詞+hardly/scarcely+動詞… 說明︰此句型意為“…幾乎不…”。這是通過 hardly 等半否定詞表示的<否定句>。此類半否定詞還有: scarcely,seldom,little,few,rarely 等。 It hardly (scarcely) matters. 沒有什麼關係。 I have hardly ever been out of this city. 我幾乎未曾離開過這個城市。 Justice was hardly done but someone complained (=without someone’s complaining). 要達到沒有人認為不公平的公平是很難的。 We seldom buy this sort of goods. 我們很少買這種貨。 Seldom seen, soon forgotten. 少見則易忘;別久則情疏。 Little remains to be talked about. 簡直沒什麼可談的了。 ... seldom or never ... 結構︰…seldom or never… 說明︰此句型意為“幾乎不…;簡直不…”。也可用“little or nothing”。 She seldom or never reads a book. 她簡直不看書。 People seldom or never bought silk garments a few years ago. 幾年前,人們幾乎是不買絲綢服裝的。 I saw little or nothing of him after graduation. 畢業後我幾乎沒有看見過他。 She bought little or nothing in this shop. 她在這家店裡幾乎沒買過東西。 I can’t ... 結構︰主詞+否定式動詞…+否定詞/含否定意義的詞… 說明︰此句型意為“無…不…;沒有…不…”。這是雙重<否定句>型。也可譯做肯定句。本<句型>的<動詞>是否定式,所以<主詞>不能用否定<代名詞>。英語的習慣用法是否定<代名詞>後面不能再用否定式<動詞>。 You can’t make something out of nothing. 巧婦難為無米之炊。 What’s done cannot be undone. 已經做了的事後悔也無用。 He has never dissatisfied with this plan. 他從來沒有對計劃表示不滿。 |