考研英语翻译题型示例 (2)
语言文字是一定文化的载体,一中语言文字是一定区域内国家、民族或部落的人群进行物质生产、社会活动的独特反映。各区域、各民族的人由于地理环境、历史发展和文明程度的不同,因而形成不同的思维方式、语言结构和民族文化的差异,这种差异性又往往成为语际翻译的障碍,即形成了翻译的可译性限度。翻译不仅是一种跨语言的交际活动,更是一种跨文化的交际活动,翻译活动面对的是语言和文化的双重障碍。就语言而言,最大的障碍莫过于独特的结构形式;就文化而言,莫过于独特的民族内涵。因此,可译性限度的存在,虽然其原因是复杂的、多方面的,但主要是语言和文化差异所造成的。因此,在翻译实践中很有必要研究和分析可译性限度问题,寻找解决的方法,这将有助于提高译文质量,促进跨文化交流。下面我们来分析语言的可译性限度。 一、语音的可译性限度 语音是语言的重要表达形式,是口头语言中表情达意的重要手段,英汉语在语音规律上差别非常大,某些语音现象在另一种语言中不存在相对应的形式,致使成为翻译中的不可译现象。例如: 1. A: What keys are too big to carry in your pocket? B: A donkey, a monkey, and a turkey. 2. A: Why are you never hungry when you play on a beach? B: Because of the sand which is there. 3. T: What is a deer without eyes called? S: No idea. T: Right. Then what is a deer without legs? S: Still no idea. 二、词汇现象的可译性限度 1. A: What makes a road broad? B: The letter B. 2. A: Why is the letter D like a bad boy? B: Because it makes ma mad. 3. A: What words may be pronounced quicker and shorter by adding syllables to them? B: Quick and short. 4. A: What TV program are the ducks watching? B: The feather-forecast. 5. 我叫倪斌,人儿倪,文武斌。 6. 人曾为僧,人弗可以成佛。女卑为婢,女又何妨称奴。 The man who has been a monk cannot become a Buddha. The girl who is a bond maid may be called a slave. 三、 语法现象的可译性限度 T: A preposition is a bad word to end a sentence with. S: Please, teacher, you’ve just ended a sentence with ‘with’. T: Ah, but what did I end the sentence with ‘with’ for? Do you know? S: No, teacher, and I don’t know what you ended that one with “with ‘with for’” for. |