06年指导托业托普英语介词翻译技巧经验谈-2
英语中大多数介词含义灵活,一词多义多用。除了一些常用短语已有译法外,大量介词需要从其基本意义出发,联系上下文加以灵活处理。下面简明地介绍几种基本译法。 (3)分译:介词短语作定语时,往往是定语从句的一种简略形式。介词短语作状语时,有时是状语从句的简略形式。有些介词短语还是并列句的简略形式。因此汉译时,有的可以拆句分译。 ①译成并列分句。 The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules.多孔壁的作用就象一把筛子,它把不同质量的分子分开。 ②译成让步分句。 With all its disadvantages this design is considered to be one of the best.这个设计尽管有种种缺点,仍被认为最佳设计之一。 ③译成真实或虚拟条件分句。 Mans warm blood makes it difficult for him to live long in the sea without some kind warmth.人的血液是热的,如果得不到一定的热量,人就难以长期在海水中生活。 ④译成原因分句。 We cannot see it clearly for the fog.由于有雾,我们看不清它。 The machine is working none the worse for its long service. 这部机器并不因使用的时间长而性能变差了。 ⑤译成目的分句。 This body of knowledge is customarily divided for convenience of study into the classifications: mechanics, heat, light, electricity and sound..为了便于研究起见,通常将这门学科分为力学、热学、光学、电学和声学。 (4)不译:不译或省略翻译是在确切表达原文内容的前提下使译文简练,合乎汉语规范,决不是任意省略某些介词。 ①表示时间或地点的英语介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大都不译。如: There are four seasons in a year. 一年有四季。 Many water power stations have been built in the country.我国已建成许多水电站。 ②有些介词如for(为了),from(从……),to(对……),on(在……时)等,可以不译。如: The barometer is a good instrument for measuring air pressure.气压计是测量气压的好仪器。 The air was removed from between the two pipes.两根管子之间的空气已经抽出。 Answers to questions 2 and 3 may be obtained in the laboratory.问题2和3的答案可以在实验室里得到。 Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling. 大多数物质热胀冷缩。 ③表示与主语有关的某一方面、范围或内容的介词有时不译,可把介词的宾语译成汉语主语。如: Something has gone wrong with the engine.这台发动机出了毛病。 Gold is similar in color to brass金子的颜色和黄铜相似。 Its never occurred to me that bats are really guided by their ears.我从未想到蝙蝠居然是靠耳朵引路的。 ④不少of介词短语在句中作定语。其中of(……的)往往不译。如: The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors.电能变为机械能是通过电动机实现的。 (of短语和change在逻辑上有主谓关系,可译成立谓结构。) Some of the properties of cathode rays listed below.现将阴极射线的一些特性开列如下。(第一个of短语和some在逻辑上有部分关系,Of不译出。) |