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例题解析
How we form first impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her – aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals” are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex （大脑皮层）system to determine what these new signals “mean”.
If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “new—potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures – like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But theses preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane 1. Paragraph 2 ___.
2. Paragraph 3____.
3. Paragraph 4 ___.
4. Paragraph 5 ___.
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
D. comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E threatening aspect of first impressions
D differences among Jocks（骗子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
5. Sensory information is one that is received through ____.
6. You interpret ___by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.
7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to __.
8. We can use our mature style of thinking thanks to ___.
A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
D. the meaning of incoming sensory information
E. the sights and sounds of the world
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
l 答案及解析
1． 文章标题分析：How we form first impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her
从上面的结构可以知道“第一印象”就是我们对别人形成的最初的观点或看法。
2．小标题分析：抓住被选项中的核心词/特征词
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
D. comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（骗子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
2． 直接解题
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
D. comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（骗子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
1 Paragraph 2 ___.
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals” are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex （大脑皮层）system to determine what these new signals “mean”. 1. D。 分析：段首句是概括句（句意：答案与你的大脑怎样让你了解世界有关。），该句暗示“大脑”可能是该段落的中心，而在段落中又出现了两个“brain”，因此判断小标题应该与“大脑”或“大脑的工作”有关，这样判断只有D合适（D中的memories与brain有关系），而且D中的incoming sensory information 和 memories也直接在段落中出现了，因此判断D是答案。
思路特点：抓住段首句的大意和段落中词语使用的特点。
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（骗子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
2 Paragraph 3____.
If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “new—potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures – like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But theses preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.
2． C。分析： 分析被选项：被选项A中的核心词“immature and simplistic”在段落中没有出现，因此不选择A； F中的核心词“Jocks（骗子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）”在段落中没有出现，因此不选择F； 段落中段首句在举例子，而段未句说“这些最初的印象（前面提到的例子）可能是很错误的”，而段落中出现了不少例子（引号中的话语），因此判断该段落是在利用例子解释说明“第一印象”，因此判断答案C正确。
思路特点：利用被选项中的特征词/核心词缩小答案选择范围，利用段落中句子结构特点“举例”句较多判断段落内容特点。
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（骗子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
3 Paragraph 4 ___.
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
3．B．分析：在段未句中发现了F中的核心词，但是这些词在段落中只出现了一次，而包含这些词的句子说“我把他们分类成骗子， 反常人和怪人”，但并没有说这些人之间如何进行划分，因此判断F是干扰项；A中的核心词immature 出现了两词，甚至simplistic也出现了，A中说的是“避免简单，不成熟的印象的方法”，但是段落中并没有提到什么方法，所以A不是答案；F中强调的“危险性”在段落中没有呼应内容，因此判断B是答案 思路特点：利用被选项中的特征词/核心词缩小答案选择范围，利用段落中句子核心结构的内容确认句子的大意判断答案。
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
E threatening aspect of first impressions
（F differences among Jocks（骗子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人））
4 Paragraph 5 ___.
However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.
4．A． 分析：段首句（观点句）说“如果我们拒绝最初的老套的印象，我们就有机会了解一个人真正是什么样子的”，而该句内容与A最接近（而且段首句后面在举例子说明—我们怎样做，我们的思维方式就会更加成熟）。
思路特点：抓住段首句大意和段落中主要句子的核心结构内容和表意特点判断答案。
A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
D. the meaning of incoming sensory information
E. the sights and sounds of the world
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
5. Sensory information is one that is received through ____.
5 E. 分析：借助题干中的核心词Sensory information作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world.
A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
D. the meaning of incoming sensory information
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
6 You interpret ___by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.
6．D． 分析：根据搭配句意（你通过把它和已经存储在你大脑中的记忆进行比较而分析传送到大脑中的感官信息）直接判断D是答案。
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
1 The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to __.
7． C。分析：利用题干中出现的核心词stereotype作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
2 We can use our mature style of thinking thanks to ___.
8．B． 分析：利用题干中出现的核心结构mature style of thinking作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane |
