职称英语指导:语法知识——动词的-ed形式
一、作表语 过去分词作表语。如: We were very interested in the novel she gave us yesterday. 我们对她昨天给我们的小说非常感兴趣。 She was quite frightened by the sudden noise outside the door. 她被门外突然的吵闹声吓住了。 可以用作表语的常见过去分词有:delighted, disappointed, upset, astonished, excited,frightened, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied等。 二、作宾语补语 英语中可以带-ed分词作宾语补语的动词有: 1.表示感觉和心理状况的动词:think, hear, feel, see, watch等。如: I have never heard this song sung in English. 我从来没有听到这首歌用英语唱过。 2.表示使役的动词:get, let, make, help等。如: He made it known to everyone that he was right. 他使每个人都明白他是对的。 3.表示希望、要求等意义的动词:wish, want, like, order等。如: He wants his composition to be read by every classmate. 他想每个同学都读他的作文。 1.-ed分词可以作前置定语,此时,分词与名词之间有两种语义关系:一种是分词表示主动意义;一种是分词表示被动意义。如: He is a retired worker. 他是一个退休工人。 This is a newly-developed device. 这是一个新开发的工具。 2.-ed分词作后置定语时,其功能相当于一个定语从句。如: She likes to drink cold boiled water. 他喜欢喝凉白开。 They were inspecting the houses damaged by the storm. 他们正在视察被暴风雨毁坏的房屋。 四、作状语 -ed分词作状语跟-ing作状语一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时 间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。 1.表示时间 Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion. 从远处看,这座山脉象一头狮子。 2.表示原因 Criticized unfairly, she left the office without saying a word. 由于受到不公平的批评,她默默地离开了办公室。 3.表示条件 Watered once a day, the flower will grow very well. 如果每天浇一次水,这花会长得很好。 4.表示伴随状况 He stood there, fascinated by the singing. 他站在那儿,被歌声所吸引。 在句子深层结构中,-ed分词短语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果-ed分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,-ed分词短语的逻辑主语则需要用一个独立结构或者用一个由with/without等引导的介词短语表达出来。如: The question settled, they left for home. 问题解决了,他们就回家了。 With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a good suggestion. 统观全局,我们认为这是一个好的提议。 |