推荐：托福PPTest1语法题笔记篇3
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68. The Mississippi riverboat, which evolved from simpler steamship of the early 1800’s, became the dominant form of passenger transport on the Mississippi River. 答案： steamshipàsteamships 分析：单数可数名词不能单独出现。需要注意的是，transport这里作名词，有“运输工具”的意思 参考译文：密西西比河船，在1800从简单的汽船演变过来，成为密西西比河上重要的旅客交通形式。 69. Modern stringed instruments comprise both instruments of ancient origin, such as the harp, and the developed recently family of bowed instruments that includes the violin. 答案：D。developed recentlyàrecently developed 分析：词序颠倒。 参考译文：现代弦乐乐器不仅包含有源于古代的乐器，如竖琴，也有最近发展的包括小提琴的弓形乐器。 70. Stars provided early astronomer with a reference system for measuring the motions of planets, the Moon, and the Sun. 答案：Aàastronomers 分析及考点：可数名词单数单独出现，一般都错。 参考译文：天上的星星给早期天文学家提供了一个参照系统来测量行星、月亮和太阳的移动。 71. The coal industry is important to every industrial nations because most other industries are directly or indirectly dependent on it. 答案：A 分析及考点：同样表示每个，所有，every应该跟名词单数，而nations是复数，应该改成all 参考译文：煤矿工业对所有国家来说都是重要的，因为大多数其他工业都直接或间接的依赖它。 72. The brightly colored kingfisher that perches until it sights a fish, then dives into the water to catch its prey. 答案：B 分析及考点：先看主谓宾，then连接两个句子。所以that perches实际不成立定语从句，应该把that去掉。 参考译文：具有光亮颜色的翠鸟栖息在高处，直到它看到鱼，它就会扎进水里把猎物抓住。 73. Neptune circles the Sun once every 164.8 Earth years, and its day --- one rotation its axis --- is 15.8 hours. 答案：C>rotation around its axis 分析及考点：C的错误比较明显，B（every）的这种用法应记住，很容易被迷惑。 参考译文： 74. Observable comets are occasionally attracted toward the inner Solar System by the fields gravitational of nearby stars and giant molecular clouds. 答案：C 分析及考点：次序颠倒。应改为gravitational fields，重力场。 参考译文：可以观测的的彗星偶尔会受到附近星星和巨大的星云的重力场作用而吸引到太阳系内部来。 75. A single bacterium has the potential to produce 16 million copies of themselves in a day. 答案：D 分析及考点：代词指代问题。A single bacterium的代词要用itself 参考译文：单个细菌有能力在一天内生产16百万个它自身的复制品。 76. Atoms are held together by the electrical forces of attraction between each negative electron and a positive protons within the nucleus. 答案：C 分析及考点：名词单复数混乱。Protons复数，所以应该把a去掉。 参考译文：原子核中每一个负电荷电子和一个正电荷质子之间的电的作用力的相互吸引，把原子结合在一起。 77. The original aim of encyclopedias was to provide a general educational. 答案：D 分析及考点：一个词的词性混用。educational 这里应该是名词形式，所以改成education. 参考译文：百科全书的最初目的是提供普遍的教育。 78. Icebergs are usually white, blue, or green, even although some are black due to rock material incorporated in them . 答案：B 分析及考点：转折连词的用法。只有even though和although，没有 even although 的表述。 参考译文：冰山一般是白色、蓝色或者绿色的，尽管有些是黑色的，那是因为有岩石材料夹杂在里面。 79. Both adult ladybugs and their larvae are voracious eaters of aphids, scale insects, and another plant pests. 答案：D 分析及考点：another与other混用。表示其他的意思，超过一个应该用other，another表示另一个的意思。 参考译文：成年瓢虫和他们的幼虫都是极其喜欢吃蚜虫，介壳虫和其他植物害虫。 80. Early English burlesque often ridiculed celebrated literary works and sentimentally drama. 答案：D 分析及考点：词性混用。修饰名词用形容词，所以改成sentimental。Celebrated是独立的形容词，意为著名的 参考译文：早期的英语滑稽表演通常嘲笑那些著名的文学作品和感人的戏剧。 81. The American clipper ship era was of duration short, extending from about 1845 to 1859. 答案：B 分析及考点：词序的颠倒，应该改成short duration。只有特殊情况修饰成分后置。 参考译文：美国的剪帆船的时期经历时间很短，只有从1845到1859。 82. Crystals of pure quartz, usually called rock crystal, are coarseness, colorless, and transparent. 答案：D 分析及考点：平行对称结构，词性不对称，所以coarseness名词应改成coarse 参考译文：纯净石英的结晶，通常称为岩石水晶，是粗糙的，无色的，透明的。 83. Of 120 minerals known to have been used as gemstones, only about 25 are in common use in today jewelry. 答案：D 分析及考点：词序的问题。应该改成jewelry today。 参考译文：在作为宝石使用的所知道的120种矿石中，只有25种是现在珠宝业通常使用的。 84. One of the thirteen original state of the United States, North Carolina lies on the Atlantic coast midway between New York and Florida. 答案：A 分析及考点：名词单复数使用错误。应该用复数states。看到one of the，后面一定是可数名词复数。 参考译文：北卡罗来那州是最初组成美国的13个州中的一个座落在大西洋岸边，在纽约州和佛罗里达州的中间。 85. The various peoples who developed North America have made it a world leader economic . 答案：D 分析及考点：词序的颠倒。改成economic leader 参考译文：发展北美的多个民族把北美建设成了全世界的经济领袖。 86. The Milky Way is a flat spiral galaxy who contains an estimated 100 billion stars, including the Sun. 答案：B 分析及考点：定语从句连接词的误用，应改为which 参考译文：银河系是一个扁平的螺旋星系，它包含有估计100亿颗恒星，包括太阳。 87. The piano as it is known today represents a long series of experiments extend back to the year 1711, or perhaps even earlier. 答案：C 分析及考点：词性误用。应该改成extending。 参考译文：今天所知的钢琴代表了一系列的实践，一直可以追溯到1711，或者更早。 88. Climate is the primarily force that distinguishes one biome, or major terrestrial region, from another. 答案：B 分析及考点：词性误用，修饰名词用形容词，所以改成primary 参考译文：气候是一个主要的因素来区分生物群或者主要陆地相互之间的不同。 89. Prehistoric villagers tended to work harder, suffer from more diseases, and eat the poorer diet than nomadic hunters did. 答案：D 分析及考点：冠词误用。比较级前不用加定冠词the，直接用poorer diet就行 参考译文：史前的村民们倾向于努力工作，防除疾病，和吃比游牧的猎人少的食物。 90. A major Canadian city, Montreal is second only to Paris as the most largest French-speaking city in the world. 答案：D 分析及考点：最高级表述有误。Largest已经是最高级了，前面不用再加most 参考译文：加拿大主要的城市蒙特利尔，是世界上仅次于巴黎的第二最大法语城市。 91. Archaeological and geological excavations indicate which a primitive type of corn was used as food in North America at least 7,000 years ago. 答案：B 分析及考点：连接词误用。宾语从句连接用that，不能用which替代。 参考译文：考古学和地质学挖掘发现表明远古种类的谷物早在7千年前就被当作食物了。 92. The major component of the sedimentary rock called shale is clay, an earthy, fine-grained material consisting primary of a particular group of crystalline minerals. 答案：C 分析及考点：修饰动词用副词。Consist of 固定搭配，primary修饰consist，应改成primarily 参考译文：被称为页岩的沉积岩的主要成分是粘土，一种土质的，有细密纹理的材料，主要包含一组特殊的水晶矿物质。 93. Copper was the first metal used by humans and is second only to iron into its utility through the ages. 答案：C 分析及考点：介词误用。改成in its utility 参考译文：铜是人类首先使用的金属，也是很多年里使用性仅次于铁的金属。 94. The mineral chalcopyrite usually is found in compact masses or in mixtures with various other mineral as opaque, brass-yellow, tetragonal crystals. 答案：C 分析及考点：名词单复数误用。改成minerals 参考译文：黄铜矿通常以不透明的黄铜色的四角形结晶的方式在紧密物质或和其他各种矿物质混合体中被发现。 95. Because the study of chemistry encompasses the entire material universe, it is central to the understand of other sciences. 答案：D 分析及考点：词性误用。Understand原形是动词，这里应该用作名词形式understanding. 参考译文：因为化学研究包括了整个物质世界，所以它是理解其他科学的中心。 96. Cyclamates were introduced in the early 1950’s as alternative sweeteners for use by individuals who needed reducing their sugar intake for medical reasons. 答案：D 分析及考点：动词的用法，need 后面加to do sth，所以改成 to reduce 参考译文：糖精作为甜料的另一个选择在1950年前就被流传了，被那些因为医疗原因需要减少糖的摄入量的人所使用。 97. The pericardium, a double-layered sac, it surrounds the heart and the large vessels entering and leaving the heart. 答案：A 分析及考点：主语重复，句子已经有明确主语，不需要it这里做指代。 参考译文：心包膜，一种双层的囊状物，包围着心脏和进出心脏的大的血管。 98. The Hopi, descendants of the prehistoric Anasazi people, are a Pueblo people who of the southwestern United States. 答案：D 分析及考点：不构成定语从句，而误用了定语从句引导词，把who去掉就可以了。 参考译文：Hopi史前anasazi民族的后代，是在美国西南部pueblo民族的一支。 99. A storyteller exercises close control over the storytelling experience by the choice of words, their arrangement, and their effective. 答案：D 分析及考点：平行对称结构中，词性误用。改成名词性effectiveness。 参考译文：讲故事的人，通过选择词汇，词的顺序和词的有效性，严紧的控制整个讲故事的过程。 100. Iron is one of the basic element of which the world is made. 答案：B 分析及考点：可数名词的单复数误用，应该改成elements。注意one of the结构多次考过。 参考译文：铁是组成世界的基本元素之一。 101. The president and vice president are the only public officials in the United States choose in a nationwide election, which takes place every four years. 答案：A 分析及考点：词性误用，应该改成chosen，过去分词修饰public officials 参考译文：在美国，总统和副总统是仅有的通过全国选举产生的公众官员，他们的任期是4年。 102. Derived from the concept of natural law is the theoretical that individuals possess inalienable natural rights, as stated in the United States Declaration of Independence. 答案：B 分析及考点：词性误用，改成名词theory。这个句子是倒装。 参考译文：在美国独立宣言中声明的人生来就拥有不可剥夺的权利的理论是从自然规律中获得的。 103. The United States national debt was relatively small until the Second World War, during when it grew from $43 billion to $259 billion in just five years. 答案：C 分析及考点：定语从句中，介词后面只能加which。 参考译文：美国国债相对比较少直到第二次世界大战，在二战期间，仅仅5年内国债就从43亿涨到259亿。 104. Brass is stronger than either the copper and zinc of which it is composed. 答案：B 分析及考点：连词误用。Either….or …固定搭配，组成对称结构。 参考译文：黄铜比组成它的铜或锌都要强硬。 105. In the traditional sense, a molecule is smallest particle of a chemical substance capable of independent existence while retaining all of its chemical properties. 答案：A 分析及考点：冠词使用，形容词的最高级前面要加the。特殊情况除外，如前面出现所有格限定词her, his等等。参见110题 参考译文：通常理解，化学物质中能够单独存在并保持其特性的，分子是最小颗粒， 106. The able of a clarinet to blend and contrast with other instruments makes it popular for chamber music and as a solo instrument. 答案：A 分析及考点：词性误用，改成ability 参考译文：黑管混合和对照其他乐器的能力，使得它在室内乐里很受欢迎，并成为一个独奏乐器。 107. Phenotypic traits, such as size or skin color, result to the interaction between an organism’s genetic makeup and the environment in which the organism develops. 答案：A 分析及考点：介词误用。根据语义改成from 参考译文：生物表面的一些特点，例如大小和皮肤颜色，是由生物遗传结构和它生长的环境相互作用而造成的。 108. To classical scholar, rhetoric was important in three spheres of human interaction: in law courts, in legislative assemblies, and in public forums. 答案：A 分析及考点：可数名词单复数问题。改成scholars 参考译文：对正统的学者来讲，花言巧语在人类交流中三个方面法庭辩论，立法汇编和公众讨论中比较重要。 109. The stark, boxy forms of European modernist architectural dominated United States cityscapes in the building boom following the Second World War. 答案：B 分析及考点：词性的混用，这样应该用名词。Architecture 参考译文：在二战之后的美国建房盖楼的风潮中，刻板、方块的欧洲现代建筑框架结构占据了美国的城市风景。 110. Subjects of Cecilia Beaux’s paintings included prominent figures in government, the arts, and financial, but her strongest works are portraits of family members and friends. 答案：B 分析及考点：词性误用。改成名词性finance 参考译文：Cecilia Beaux绘画的主题包括著名的政治人物，艺术家和金融家，但她最有力的作品却是家庭成员和朋友的肖像。 111. By 1920 the area of the United States under cultivation had more than doubled in just 50 years, and the national population that surpassed 100 million. 答案：D 分析及考点：不构成定语从句，却误用定语从句连接词，把that去掉就好了。 参考译文：到1920年美国已开垦的在50年里已经翻了两倍，全国人口也超过了100个百万。 112. Some areas of the deep sea are vulnerable frequent natural disturbances taking the form of intense currents, mud slumps, low oxygen, and upwellings. 答案：A 分析及考点：词序错误，改成frequently vulnerable natural disturbances 参考译文：深海的一些地方，常常受到自然干扰，这些干扰以急流、泥浆、低氧和上升流的形式存在。 pumpkin补充: 大概是改成vulnerable to frequent natural disturbances 113. In the United States, the first roads were paved in colonial times, first with logs, latest with cobblestones or brick, depending on the region. 答案：B 分析及考点：词性混用。表示先后的状态时，用later 参考译文：在美国，最早的路是在殖民地时候铺的。一开始用木材，后来根据地区不同用鹅卵石或砖块。 114. In physics, sound is considered to be the waves of vibratory motion, nether or not they are heard by the human ear. 答案：C 分析及考点：连词使用表达错误。改成whether or not 参考译文：在物理上，声音被认为是振动性运动发出的波，不管人耳能不能听见。 115. Over one thousand mineral are known, most of which are characterized by definite chemical composition, crystalline structure, and physical properties. 答案：B 分析及考点：可数名词单复数误用，改成minerals 参考译文：有超过1千种矿物质为人所知。它们中很多都通过明确的化学组成，结晶结构和物理特性表现出来了。 116. The layers of an elephant’s tusk are deposited from the pulp, yet that the innermost layer is the newest. 答案：C 分析及考点：连词的误用，改成so，so that一起表因此 参考译文：大象的长牙的分层是从髓质开始沉积的，因此最里面那一层是最新的。 117. Butane is found into both oil and natural gas. 答案：B 分析及考点：介词误用。改成in 参考译文：丁烷气体是从石油和天然气中找到的。 118. When expelled from the nucleus of an atom, a neutron is unstable and decay to form a proton and an electron. 答案：C 分析及考点：谓语时态误用，改成decays 参考译文：当中子从原子核中发射出来的时候，是不稳定的，并衰退从而形成一个质子和一个电子。 Pumpkin补充: 修改为decaying可能更合适, 更和unstable并列, 由一个动词is来引导 decay:常用进行时态 The monument is decaying after years of neglect 119. Muscles who are given proper exercise react to stimuli quickly and powerfully and are said to be “in tone.” 答案：A 分析及考点：定语从句连词误用。改成which 参考译文：那些受了适当锻炼的肌肉对刺激反应快而强，并被称为协调。 120. Automobile insurance compensates only not for fire and theft but also for damage caused by a collision and for injury to victims of an accident. 答案：B 分析及考点：词序颠倒。Not only…but also…固定对称结构。 参考译文：汽车保险不仅对失火和被窃进行赔偿，而且对撞车事故造成的损坏和事故中受伤的受害人也进行赔偿。 121. Importance as foods, carbohydrates supply energy and are used to make fats. 答案：A 分析及考点：词性误用。应该改成important。形容词引导的状语从句省略结构。 参考译文：跟食物一样重要，碳水化合物提供能量，并用来产生脂肪。 pumpkin补充: 大概是翻译成: 作为一种重要的食物, 碳水化合物提供能量，并用来产生脂肪 122. Because banana plants yield only one bunch of fruit, each plant is cut down after produces bananas. 答案：D 分析及考点：动词形式误用。介词后面应跟动名词。所以改成producing 参考译文：因为香蕉树只生产一串果实，每棵树都会在结果之后被砍掉。 123. Flash photography is widely used for taking pictures when the natural light is insufficient, such as outdoors at night and indoors most of time. 答案：D 分析及考点：冠词的用法。在表述很多时候的意思时，应为most of the time 参考译文：闪光照相被广泛应用在自然光线不充足时拍照，例如晚上在室外和许多在室内的时候。 124. The specific purpose served by a storage dam will influence its design and determined the amount of reservoir storage needed. 答案：C 分析及考点：时态错误。主句时态由will确定，and连接对称结构。所以这里用原形determine 参考译文：水库水坝的特殊服务目的会影响它自身的设计，和决定蓄水池储存需要的量。 125. In 1889 Jane Addams founded Hull House, an institution in Chicago where she and other socially reformers lived and worked to improve urban living conditions. 答案：C 分析及考点：词性误用。修饰名词用形容词，Socially这里修饰reformers，所以改成social. 参考译文：1889年Jane Addams建立了Hull House，一个在芝加哥的机构，在那里她和其他社会改革运动者生活和工作，以提高城市生活条件。 126. Early United States revolutionaries shaped an orderly processes by which frontier territories would move from colonial status to statehood. 答案：A 分析及考点：单复数混用。前面有单数标志词an，所以processes改成process 参考译文：早期美国革命形成了一个有序的操作过程，使得边境领土从殖民地状态向过于状态转移。 127. In music, cacophony is discordant sounds, false harmony, or noisily and inharmonious combinations of sounds. 答案：C 分析及考点：词性误用。修饰名词用形容词。And连接对称结构，所以改成noisy。 参考译文：在音乐中，杂音是那些不协调的声音，错误的和弦，或者吵闹和不协调的声音的混合。 128. Small to medium-sized marsh birds similar in body shape by cranes, rails are found throughout the world, except in the polar regions. 答案：B 分析及考点：固定搭配，介词误用。Similar后面跟to连用，所以把by改成to 参考译文：体型上跟鹤相似的、小到跟中等体型的沼泽鸟一样，秧鸡可以在除了极点地区的整个世界范围内被找到。 129. The completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869 gave California its first direct rail connection with a rest of the United States. 答案：D 分析及考点：冠词误用。表示。。。的剩余部分，固定表述为the rest of 参考译文：在1869年第一条横贯大陆铁路的完工，成为了加州第一条直接和美国其他部分连接的铁路 130. Whilhelmina Cole Holladay she was the founder and first president of the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, DC. 答案：A 分析及考点：主语重复。已经有确切主语Whilhelmina Cole Holladay，代词she就多余了，去掉既可。 参考译文：Whilhelmina Cole Holladay是位于华盛顿的女性国家博物馆的创建者和第一任馆长。 131. As sweeteners, there is very small difference between honey and sucrose, although the former does contain minimal quantities of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids. 答案：B 分析及考点：形容词误用。修饰不可数名词表示小的形容词，应该用little。 参考译文：作为甜料，蜂蜜和蔗糖之间的差别很细微。尽管前者确实包含有少量的维他命、矿物质和氨基酸。 132. Cultivated for salad since ancient times, lettuce is harvesting before its flower stem shoots up to bear its small yellow flowers. 答案：B 分析及考点：动词形式的误用。应该用被动形式，harvested 参考译文：从古代就种植用于色拉食用，生菜在它花茎生出去支持它的小黄花之前就被收割了。 133. Phonological structure encodes speak sounds as a sequence of vocal tract configurations --- successive positions of the larynx, jaw, lips, tongue, and velum. 答案：A 分析及考点：单词形式的误用。修饰名词要用形容词，所以改成它的形容词形式spoken 参考译文：声音体系的结构，是把发声声音作为一系列声道的构造来编码，这些构造取自于喉、下颚、唇、舌头和小舌头的连续的位置。 134. The steamship contributed of the development of fast news-gathering during the nineteenth century. 答案：B 分析及考点：介词误用。Contribute to固定搭配。 参考译文：在19世纪，汽船对快速的信息收集过程的发展做出了贡献。 135. The 1880’s saw not only the creation of the curtain wall and wind-braced iron frame also the architectural mastery of these structural devices. 答案：B 分析及考点：连词的固定搭配，not only….but also。 参考译文：1880年的人，不仅仅看到了窗帘幕墙和抗风支撑的铁架结构窗的发明创造，而且也看到了这些结构设计在建筑上的运用。 136. A century ago, women made quilts only not to keep their families warm but also to express their artistic abilities. 答案：C 分析及考点：连词固定搭配，not only…but also… 参考译文：一个世纪以前，女性缝制被子不仅是为了家人保暖，也是想表现她们的艺术能力。 137. The building knew as the Capitol is situated on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., and it houses the legislative branch of the United States government. 答案：A 分析及考点：词性误用。定语从句省略结构修饰the building，所以改成known as。 参考译文：众所周知的国会大厦座落在华盛顿的国会山，它包含了美国政府的立法机构。 138. A person or business with more debts than assets for meeting debt payment may to declare legal bankruptcy. 答案：D 分析及考点：情态动词使用，直接跟动词原形，所以把to去掉，may declare。 参考译文：个人或企业在债务支付过程中，如果资产不抵债务的时候，可以宣布合法破产。 139. The first stethoscope---the kind of instrument what has come to symbolize medicine around the world ---was constructed in 1816. 答案：B 分析及考点：定语从句连接词误用。改成which。 参考译文：听诊器，成为全球医学的象征的仪器，最早是在1816年建造的。 pumpkin补充: 改成that可能好些?? 140. It is said that no potential frontier has such fired the imagination or challenged the ingenuity of humankind as has space. 答案：B 分析及考点：难。考的是so......as结构，such是形容词不能修饰动词，而so是副词可以。 参考译文：据说没有其他潜在的新领域能够像太空这样激发人类的想象力，对人类的聪明才智提出挑战。 141. The Congress of the United States can initiate legislation and significantly amend or rejection Presidential legislative proposals. 答案：C 分析及考点：or连接的平行对称结构中，amend是动词，所以这里应该改成reject 参考译文：美国国会能够颁布法令，并最大程度的修正或否决总统的立法提案。 142. Through his paintings, Edward Hopper depicted the isolation, lonely, and lack of variety of the daily life of small-town America. 答案：B 分析及考点：词性的变换。and连接的平行对称结构中，都是名词，所以这里应改成loneliness 参考译文：Edward Hopper通过他的画，描述了小镇化美国的孤立，孤独和平淡。 143. The chief editorial concern in magazine publishing is presenting a mix of news, information, and entertain, all targeted at the audience the magazine seeks to reach. 答案：C 分析及考点：and连接的平行对称结构中，都是名词，或不可数单数，或可数复数，所以改成entertainment 参考译文：杂志发行中主要的编辑问题是把所有面向杂志所要吸引的观众的新闻、信息和娱乐混合在一起表现出来 |
