托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析（上）Ⅰ
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一、代词 代词中主要讲解六个问题来源：考试大 （一） 掌握代词的几种格：主格、宾格、所有格名词前面用代词来修饰，只能用所有格（my books） （二） 反身代词 当主语和宾语表示同一事物时，宾语使用反身代词。 He killed himself. （他自杀了） He killed him. （他杀了他）来源：考试大 例：Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating A B a series of indicators that could help C themselves to predict earthquakes. D 分析：D错，应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that（即名词indicators）,这显然是错误的。从句意来看，help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错，情态动词could 比can语气弱，表示较小的可能性。 Indicator为征兆，这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆，后面指研究者，不是同一个事物。 （三） 代词的单复数，代词的性别来源：考试大 在考试中如果代词打横线，代词错误的概率是非常高的，因此代词打横线，应该先看代词有没有错。 例：The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the A BCD Pacific. 分析：D错，应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数，显然是错误的，根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错，它指江湖河海中的大片水域，可用复数形式。 Water作为水是不可数名词，waters表示水域，通常使用复数形式，作主语谓语动词用复数。 Work作为工作是不可数名词，work作为作品，可数不可数都可以，例如： Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 例：In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined A the word“normalcy”to express social and B economic conditions they promised the nation. C D 分析：D错，应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的，故用第三人称单数he来指代。 例：Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important A work is not poetry, but his biography, John BC Keats, published the year of her death. D 分析：C错，应改为her。his指男性，显然是错误的，应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. （四） Who和which的区别 which指代事物或者动物，who指代人，who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物。 例：The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who A B account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. CD 分析：B错，应改为which或that。先行词不是指人，而是指物，关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例，解释说明。 （五） that和which的区别来源：考试大介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外来源：考试大 例：When television was first introduced, the extent to that it AB would affect society could not have been foreseen. CD 分析：B错，应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which（引导定语从句），影响社会的程度没有被预见 （六） 定语从句的特殊省略来源：考试大Reason后面有定语从句，中间往往省略why, Time后面有定语从句，中间往往省略when，way后面有定语从句，中间省略了in which。 I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. 例：Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly A B reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. C D 分析：B错，应改为main。mainly为副词，不能个饰后面的名词，故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason，定语从句引导词被省略 例：Commercial expansion from city to suburb has affected the way people in the United States----. （A） living and working来源：考试大 （B） they live and work 来源：考试大 （C） live and work来源：考试大 （D） to live and to work 分析：选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 |
