三、谓语动词 (一) 谓语动词的主谓一致①、主谓分割原则 例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, A America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. BCD 分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 ②、与后者一致原则 not…but, 强调but后面的名词,not only…but also③、与前者一致原则名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, 中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 例:The athlete, together with his coach and ABC several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. D 分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is ④、就近原则or, either…or, neither…nor, 单数名词+or+复数名词+are 如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is 所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are AB amazingly complex for single-celled animals. C D 分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 ⑤定语从句主语就近原则There are five apples that are red. apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets A carry a supply that last just a few seconds. B C D 分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 ⑥the +形容词主谓一致The rich are not always happier than the poor. The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 ⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况:a. there be 句型 there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. A BCD 分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is 例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific A B Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 C miles in width. D 分析:倒装句,are改为is 例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and ABC Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film D presented on the five-story-tall screen. 分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 ⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 fifty percent of + 名词 one percent of + 名词谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: one percent of my students + are fifty percent of my time is spent on working. 这里要强调两个结构half of =fifty percent most of + 可数名词 + are most of + 不可数名词+ is 例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been A BC found in central and eastern Canada. D 分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized A B in the United States are for foods and beverages. C D 分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 (二) 谓语动词的时态①、主要考察时间状语 例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. A BC D 分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was ②、For和since的区别 区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 I has been a teacher for three years. I has been a teacher since 1996.I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became AB the primary responsibility of the president. C D 分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of A B C the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. D 分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams. A BC D 自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live (三) 谓语的语态语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 有四组动词是改错题中常考的:①、prove My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; 例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming A to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be BC mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. D 分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 ②、Locate,Situate 这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 这两个词也可以用作被动My school was located near the river. 区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. (A)locates (B)locating (C)to locate (D)is located 分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 ③、表示需要概念的动词 need, want, require等 My watch needed repairing My watch needed to be repaired. ④、表示人的情感的动词 move, annoy, surprise, please等 He is so moving.他令人感到感动。He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 主动和被动技巧总结: 如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the A United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, B power structures, and flood-control works along C the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. D 分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式
|