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名词性从句的重要引导词

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1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词,它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是:一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味;二是表示“…所…的”,相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。如:I don’t know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。I don’t know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。2. what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词,其后修饰名词。如:I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。注:what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词,并且后接不可数名词时,有时可有little修饰,两者的区别是:what+不可数名词=所有的都,what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如:What friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在国外。We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。3. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句,其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。如:Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。I’ll do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子:任何人来都欢迎。误:Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome.正:Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome.另外,它们也可引导让步状语从句,其意为“无论…”、“不管…”,其意相当于 no matter who [what, which]。如:Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况,你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what)He won't eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁,他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who)注:whoever 既用作主格也用作宾语;作宾语时不宜用 whomever,因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。4. why 与 because 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调的原因。如:I had a cold. That’s why I didn't come. 我感冒了,因此我没来。I didn’t come. That’s because I had a cold. 我没有来,那是因为我感冒了。

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