动词概述:从“play”看动词“七十二变”
英语是一种动态发展的语言,而其中,“动词”恰如其分地说明了该种语言“变”的特质。动词,虽然是最复杂的一个词类,但其变化并非“无常”。动词因其在句中功能不同而发生变化,同时根据施动方的词性而变位。因此,掌握了动词“七十二变”般的用法,就相当于掌握了英语的“半壁江山”。今天小编以“play basketball”一词组来解释“动词之变”。 1. 时:表示时间区别的动词形式。英语动词有两个“时”:现在时和过去时 2. 体:表示动作或过程在一定时间内处于何种状态的动词形式。 英语动词有两个体:进行体—be加主动词的-ing分词构成; 完成体—have加主动词-ed分词构成。 英语“时”、“体”结合使用,构成8种形式: (1)一般现在时:The boy plays basketball very well. (2)一般过去时:The boy played basketball very well when he was 5 years old. (3)现在进行时:The boy is playing basketball now. (4)过去进行时:The boy was playing basketball this time yesterday. (5)现在完成时:The boy has played basketball for an hour. (6)过去完成时:The boy had played basketball for an hour by lunchtime. (7)现在完成进行时:The boy has been playing basketball for a long time. (8)过去完成进行时:The boy had been playing basketball for two hours by 12 o’clock. 3. 态:表示主语和谓语动词之间的的主动或被动关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态:主动态和被动态。 同样,被动语态也有不同形式的时、体形式:(假设主语为第三人称单数) (9)一般现在时:is played (10)一般过去时:was played (11)现在进行时:is being played (12)过去进行时:was being played (13)现在完成时:has been played (14)过去完成时:had been played (15)现在完成进行时:has been playing (16)过去完成进行时:had been playing 4. 式:区别说话人以何种口气说话的动词形式。英语动词有三种表示不同口气的动词东西形式:陈述式、祈使式和虚拟式。 (17)陈述式:The boy plays basketball every day. (18)祈使式:Boys, play basketball now. (19))虚拟式:It is time the boy played basketball. 由上可知,不同的时、体、态、式,决定了动词的不同形式。另外,主语以及动词的功能变化,也会影响动词的形式。因此,同一个动词,在不同时间、不同地点、不同主语下,动词形式都要做相应变化。 声明:本内容为爱思英语原创,严禁转载。 |