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英語陷阱(13)

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★ We propose to start from Tsuen Wan at seven o'clock.
我们的意思是七点钟从荃湾出发。
或:我们要在七点钟从荃湾出发。


 
 此句不宜译作:“我们建议在七点钟从荃湾出发”,如要表达此意,
应说:We propose starting from Tsuen Wan at seven o'clock.

在英语里,表示“意向”(intention)的动词,如intend,plan,propose,
其后接动词不定式或动名词时,涵义有所不同。一般说来,
动词不定式所表达的涵义比动名词明确,并含有“决定”、“决心”的意味,
动名词的涵义不如不定式那么明确和确实,语气也比较婉转。因此,
We propose to start from Tsuen Wan at seven 0'clock.的意味是:
We have made up our minds to start from Tsuen Wan at seven.
而用动名词propose starting的一句则表示Let's start from Tsuen
 Wan at seven if that meets with your approval. 的意思。

 
下面再请看一个类例:

She does not intend to pay the bill this month.
其意为:She has made up her mind not to pay the bill this month.
如将does not intend to pay改为does not intend paying,
其言外之急是:It is only her mental plan. She may change her mind if
 she is persuaded not to do so,即:“她有不付账的念头,但并不是很坚决,
如有人劝她,她可能会改变主意而去付账”。同样,在语气和涵义上,
What do you propose to do about it?比What do you propose doing about it?
明确而坚决,后者的语气比较婉转,是征求对方意见的口吻。因此,在“意向”
(intention)动词之后,动词不定式表示one's decision 成fixed intention的意味,
动名词则表示asking for permission or opinion或something not yet decided的涵义。

另外,如果用suggest,虽然它和propose同义,也是意向动词,
但用法有所不同,suggest后面只能接动名词,不可接动词不定式作宾语。
例如,我们可以说:I suggest starting the work at once. 不能说:
I suggest to start the work at once. 下列的一些动词,如同suggest一样,
其后只能授动名词,不可以接动词不定式,需要记住:acknowledge,avoid,consider,
contemplate,defer,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,
fancy,favor,finish,forgive,imagine,include,mind,missing,pardon,
postpone,practise,recollect,resent,resist,risk,shun,understand等。

下列的一些动词则如同propose一样,其后既能按动名词,
又能按动词不定式作宾语:intend,plan,start,begin,cease,continue,neglect等。
但接动名词和接不定式在涵义和修辞色彩上往往有细微的差别。例如在start和begin之后,
动名词表示“意愿”(即主观上打算去做某事);动词不定式则表示“非意愿”
(即并不是主观上打算去做某事)。试比较下面两个句子:

After giving a thought to the matter he started writing a letter to the Hong Kong Cultural Centre.

It has started to rain.
 

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