英文中粗话、脏话的翻译
世界上大概没有哪一种语言文字不带粗语、脏话的成分。特别是文学作品里,粗语、脏话时有所见(所闻)。我们用母语演讲、写作时完全可以做到少用或者不使用这类不文雅的字眼,但在作翻译时就身不由己了。对原作中所出现的粗鄙字眼,即所谓"四字母词(four letter words)"如果避而不译,或者在翻译时随便加以"净化",说得轻点就是不"信",说得重点是对原作的歪曲。无论原话有多"粗"、多"脏",它们毕竟是原作的有机组成部分。在文学作品中,出自某些人物之口的诅语、粗话,正是他们心理活动、情绪变化的写照。也是作家借以表现人物性格的重要手段之一。 英文里最常见的诅语恐怕非"damn"一词莫属了。另外,"son of a bitch"也常用作骂人的话。对这些"老牌号"诅语,汉语里似乎已有相对固定的译法,前者多译作"该死",后者常译为"婊子养的"或"狗狼养的"。有"老牌"就有"新秀"。发现,"shit"一词作为诅语,大有后来居上之势。在当代文学作品里,在人物的对话中,该词的出现频率相当高。不仅男人将其挂在嘴边,女流之辈也频频使用;不光成人说,小孩也会用;受过良好教育者时不时要用到,更不用说那些缺少修养的"大老粗"们了。凡是遇到不顺心的事,或表示厌烦、不满、困惑想发牢骚时,人们动不动就是"shit"。正因为该词可用来表示多种复杂的心态和情绪,在译成汉语时译者就得多一个心眼,不能把目光停留在英汉词典所列举的那么几个有限的选择上,而应根据上下文和其表达的不同含义,在汉语里挑选感情色彩相应或相当的同语加以表达。 请看下面的例句: 2.I put the receiver back on the cradle. Frank was still staring and scowling at me. "What'd he want?"he asked. "They've got George Harper. Morrie asked me to represent him during the Q and A." "Shit,"Frank said." 3."Some pow'ful shit.Cost enough,but,man,it was pow'ful." 4."Susan,"I said, my voice rising,"I called to tell you that I'm home and Joanria is still in Mexico,She'll be back this Saturday and that's all I have to say to you." 5."Yes. She was a very beautiful woman, Morrie." "Yeah,"he said, and shook his head,"That's the shit of it,ain't it?From what I get from the complaint,she was beaten up real bad.So now she turns up on the beach,burned to death.Does it seem like a coincidence to you?" 下面再看看与"shit"有关的一个复合词。 6."Susan,cut it out." "Cut what out?" "This bullshit about Dale." "l certainly hope you don't use that kind of language in Jodanna's presence. It's bad enough…" 7. She told me a woman out on Fatback Key formed a committee…" "Oh,yeah,that "And her language…well, she curses a lot, even more than any of the other 双引号中是一位上中学的女儿向父亲介绍班上一位名叫Heather的同学时所说的话,目的是想告诉父亲她这位同学是如何满口脏话,不知羞耻,其中单引号里的四个词是典型的"four letter words"。翻开英汉词典,"shit"和"piss"分别是"大便"和"撒尿",如此这般译成中文,平淡无奇,不足以表现Heather那种缺少教养、俗不可耐的"小痞子"神态。而"cunt"是女性生殖器,"fuck'是指发生性行为,直译过来显然也不妥。遇到这种情况,译者不必拘泥于原文字面意义,应跳出原文局限,在汉语词汇中挑选出几个粗俗、脏鄙的字眼来。将上文拟译如下: 从字面上看,英语里的"四字母词"与汉语中的鄙语似乎想去甚远,但在表达效果上却基本一致,也算得上是一种"貌离神合"吧。 |