As, But和Than也“兼职”
定语从句是大家非常熟悉的一种从句,在考试中可以说是无处不在。说到定语从句的关系代词,大家肯定会异口同声地喊出“that”“which”“who”……今天我们要讲讲as、but和than这三个特殊的关系代词。 As、but和than通常都是以介词、连词等身份被大家所熟知,而它们居然可以摇身一变成为关系代词,在定语从句中做主语和宾语。 As最基本的用法是做连词“与……一样”表示同级的比较,介词“作为”。下面是它特殊的用法,例句: 1. He does not possess such qualifications as are necessary to be an actor. 他并不具备一名演员应有的资格。 2. She bought the same skirt as I had bought last week so I need to talk to her about it so we don't wear them at the same time. 她买的那条裙子和我上周买的一模一样,我要和她商量一下,免得“撞衫”。 上面两个例句中定语从句都使用了as作为关系代词,我们可以发现例句1中含有“such…as…”,例句2中含有“the same…as…”,由此可见,我们到底要不要使用as来做关系代词,可以根据句中是否出现了与as搭配的短语进行判断。 3. The murderer who had killed several people on the campus was finally arrested by the police, as was expected. 如我们所愿,那个在校园杀害数人的杀人犯终于被警方逮捕。 该句中并未出现与as搭配的短语,此处的用法是as做关系代词指代前面整个句子,在定语从句中做主语。 例句: 1. There is no man but errs. 没有任何人能够不犯错误。 句中的先行词是man,but自然就充当了关系代词的角色,但我们从句意中可以发现,but带有一层否定的意思,相当于“who not”。那么我们可以把例句转换为: There is no man who does not err. 但要注意,只有在but 前有先行词的时候才有此用法!请比较下面这个例句: He did nothing after graduation but spend his parents' money. 他毕业之后无所事事,就知道花爸妈的钱。 该句中but是介词的用法,有转折的意义。 例句: 1. Parents had better not give kids more money than is necessary. 父母最好别给孩子们太多的钱,够用就可以了。 2. Don't order more food than can be finished. 别点太多吃的,会吃不完的。 此处Than以主语的形式出现在定语从句中,其实省略了what,than也就等于than what。例句也可以写作:Parents had better not give kids more money than what is necessary. 例句2则可以转换为:Don't order more food than what can be finished 不管是做介词、连词也好,在定语从句里做关系代词也罢,than都表示了一个比较的关系,从上述两个例句来看,句中都出现了比较级的形式。 |