中考英语语法考点07虚拟语气

上期节目回顾：[节目]中考英语语法考点06 动词时态

上期节目答案：B C A C B D B B C C

本期节目内容：

　I． 要点

　表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。

　1、 虚拟语气的构成

 情景 条件从句的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词 与现在事实相反 动词过去式 （be要用were）should         
+动词原形
would  与过去事实相反 had +过去分词should         
+have+过去分词
would 与将来事实相反1、动词过去时
2、should +动词原形
3、were to +动词原形should         
+动词原形
would

　注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：
　Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

　2、 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

　（1） 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) +动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。

　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
　句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
　句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

　如：It is strange that he (should) have done that.
　It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
　It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

　（2） 在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

　（3） 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

　（4） 在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：We received order that the work be done at once.

　（5） 在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或"should +动词原形"，should不可省。如：It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.

　II． 例题

　例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.
　A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

　解析：该题正确答案为D。had hoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气

　例2 "Mary wants to see you today".
　"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
　A comes B came C should come D will come

　解析：该题正确答案为B。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。

　例3 Had she been older, she ____ it better.
　A had done  B might have done  C might do  D would do

　解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为B。

随堂练习：

1. If I had had enough time, I___ my work.
　A.would finish　B.must have finished　C.would have finished　D.had finished

2. Ten minutes earlier, they ___ the plane.
　A.will catch　B.would catch　C.would have caught　D.will have caught

3. Mr Green requires that the students ___ a composition every other week.
　A.write B.writen C.would write D.will write

4. Had he studied hard, he___ the exam.　
　A.would pass　B.could pass　C.had passed　D.would have passed

5. I wish I ___ what is happening there in his room.　 
　A.know　B.known　C.knew　D.should know

6. It is important that you ___ sports every day.　
　A.have　B.would have　C.must have　D.will have

7. If there were no water in the world, everything ___.　
　A.will die　B.would die　C.would have died　D.would have been dead

8.  ___ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.
　A.Had I known　B.If I know　C.If I knew　D.If had I known

9. He ordered that the work ___ right away.　
　A.should finish　B.finished　C.would be finished　D.be finished

10. —Shall we go to the movie tonight?
　—No, I'd rather ___ at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.
　A.you stayed　B.you stay　C.stayed　D.stay