九年级：现在完成时态精讲及练习

第一部分：　　
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始:

构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)

否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
　No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)

第二部分：　　
现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:

* 以already, just和yet为标志
already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。

He has already got her help.　他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.　他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet.　他还没有回来。

* 以ever和never为标志　
ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。

This is the best film I have ever seen.　这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing.　他从没有到过北京。

* 以动作发生的次数为标志
若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。

He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。

* 以so far为标志
so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。

He has got to Beijing so far.　到目前为止他已到了北京。

She has passed the examso far.　到目前为止她已经通过了考试。

第三部分：
过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。

　　*“终止”、“延续”要转换

英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如:

“The cat play” has been on for half an hour.　《猫》已经开演半个小时了。
How long have you had this dictionary?　这本字典你买了多久了?

初中阶段常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。

* 时间“点”、“段”须分清

过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束,也可能继续延续,这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。如:

He has been away for two years.　他已走了两年。(for+时间段)
He has been an English teacher since 1992.　自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。
(since+过去某一时刻)

第四部分：

A)选用have, has填空:

1.I _______ told him the news.

2.She ________ come back from school.

3.You ________ won the game.

B)按要求改写下列各句:

4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)
_________________________________________

5.He has lost his book.
(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)
_________________________________________

C) 单项选择

6. -Where have you _____, Kate?
　-I've ______ to the bank.
A. gone, gone　B. been, been　C. gone, been　D. been, gone

7. Her grandfather ______ for two years.
A. died　B. has died　C. has been dead　D. has been died

8. It's six weeks ______ I met you last.
A. when　B. since　C. before　D. for

9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.
A. have got　B. have gone to　C. have been to　D. have reached

Key:

1.have 2.has 3.have

4.They have not/haven't bought a computer.

5.－Has he lost his book? －Yes, he has.

/ No, he has not/hasn't.

6-9 BCBD