2006年中考英语热点：“语境”中考查语言点一

　纵观2006年中考英语试题，一个明显特点，就是将语法、词法和句法有机地融于情景中进行检测，凸显对“语境”的考察。这一特点强调了语言的运用能力，使英语学习更加切合生活实际。如何能够得心应手地解答这类试题，关键是对所给语境进行分析推理，捕捉有用信息。

一、单项选择考“语境”

　二、口语应用考“语境”

近年来，很多省、市的中考题都增加了“口语应用”题型，解答这类题关键是要联系上下文，捕捉语境暗示，此外，还要注意中外交际习俗的差异。如：

选择恰当的句子完成下列对话。(2006年上海)
    A. I will start today.

B. But in fact，I’m feeling a little tired these days.

C. When the weather is warmer,

I’ll do it.

D. Very well, thank you.

E. Never better, Henry.

F. I get more exercises than you.

And I’m more careful about my diet.

G. Henry, and you are heavier than you used to be.

Man: Hello, Susan. How is everything in New York？

Lady: 1 How are you？How is the family？

Man: Everyone’s fine. 2

Lady: You’re getting older, 3

Man: Everyone gets older. But you look younger than ever. What’s your secret(秘密)？

Lady: There is no secret. 4 You should too.

Man: You are right. 5

Lady: No, Henry. You should start now.

Man: Okey. 6 Thank you for the advice.

【评析】 解答口语应用题，一定要先通读两遍，了解其大概交流内容。这段对话从问候How is everything…？开始谈到保持年轻的秘密是锻炼。很平常的一段对话，贴近生活，容易读懂，然后再细读，寻找上下句的语境暗示。

(1)How is everything in New York ？问在纽约的情况怎么样？所给答案只有Never better, Henry.可以回答，其余答案语意相差太远。

(2)How are you？ How is the family ？问朋友及家人身体状况，且已作回答Everyone is fine.所给答案能回答身体状况的只有B和D，如果选D，就与答句Everyone is fine.重复，因此只能选B。But与前句Everyone is fine. 形成转折。I’m feeling a little tired these days. 引出下文You’re getting older.

(3)承接上句“感到累”，原因是年龄变大，体重增加，而下句则是人人在变老，而对方则显得年轻，秘密何在？因此第(3)句选G，承前启后。

(4)Lady说“There is no secret.”，凭常识自然容易想到“锻炼和节食”，因此4只能选F，同时建议朋友也应该这么做。

(5)、(6)两个答案就容易选，接受朋友建议从现在做起。

正确答案：EBGFAC

(一)对话式“单项选择”

2006年武汉市、黄冈市的“单项选择”题全是“对话式”题干。题干虽然提供了一个小语境，但常存在省略现象，某些时态、词义等都要通过上下文来揣测。答语的依据隐藏在问句中，或问句的依据包含在答语中，因此解答这类题，一定要注意语境暗示。例如：

1. (2006年重庆)— Where did you go last night？

— I ___ to go to Li Lei’s birthday party.

A. asked B. am asked

C. have been asked D. was asked

【评析】 问句Where did you go last night？昨天晚上你去了哪里，答句中省略时间状语last night，因此答句中应该用一般过去时态。然后再判断主语I与动词ask的关系。从句意判断“我被邀请去参加Li Lei的生日晚会”(主语I应该是承受者)，此题属于在语境中考查一般过去式的被动语态，正确答案选D。

2. (2006年湖北黄冈)— Why does Joe look so ______ today？

— Because she has got an“A”in her English test.

A. exciting B. sad

C. happy D. angry

【评析】 此题考查的语言点是look作系动词，译为“显得，看起来”，后面应该跟形容词。四个答案均为形容词，因此答案暗示在语境She has got an“A”in her English test.中，自然排除B、D，而exciting是“令人兴奋，令人激动”，主语通常是物，因此正确答案选C。

3. (2006年湖北武汉)— Do you think Brazil will beat Japan in World Cup 2006？

— Yes. They have better players , so I _____ them to win.

A. hope B. prefer

C. expect D. want

【评析】 此题是在语境中考查动词的用法，从词法上看hope sb. to do sth.是错误的，因此A不对，从提供语境They have better players. 看词意hope和expect都对，综合起来正确答案选C。

(二)似考语言点，实考语境

1. (2006年重庆)The teacher said we needed to choose three _______ for the school concert.

A. farmers B. doctors

C. drivers D. singers

【评析】 此题表面上一看好像在考查名词的复数，仔细一看四个名词的复数形式全部正确，实际上就是考查语境下的词意，句中暗含语the school concert，因此答案选D。

2. (2006年湖北武汉)— What happened to you this morning？

— The teacher asked me for my ___ when I was late again.

A. meaning B. idea

C. excuse D. answer

【评析】 此题表面上考词的辨析与词类，实际上是考查词的基本含义和在特定语境中的含义，excuse、answer既可以作动词又可以作名词，正确答案选C，此时的excuse是名词，意思是“理由，借口”。

　三、短文填空考“语境”

短文填空主要考查语言实际综合运用能力，在中考中属于综合题，而语言的应用必须根据短文提供的语境获取大意。例如2006年重庆中考(保持原题号)

根据下列短文内容，在短文后的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。

Maybe you are more interested in sports than in history. You probably think you will never be a top student. In 77 , anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. If you can use your time well, you may improve your study 78 much work. Here’s how:

Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week time, you should make a 79 of things that you have to do. First write down the time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide on a good time for studying. Of course, studying shouldn’t take all of your time. Don’t forget to leave yourself enough 80 for hobbies.

Find a good place to study. Look around the house 81 a good study place. Keep this space, which may be a desk 82 just a corner of your room. No games, radio, or television！ When you sit down to work , think only about the subject！

Make good use of your time in class. Listen 83 to what the teacher says. Careful listening in class means less work later. You also need to take notes in class, because it can 84 it easier for you to learn well.

There are only a few ways mentioned here to 85 you with your studying. I believe you will find 86 other ways besides these.

【评析】 短文填空首先必须读通大意。本文的关键句If you can use your time well, you may improve your study without much work. 而78是读懂文章最关键的一词，要准确填写这一关键词，必须根据前后语境，尤其是后面三段的大语境：①Plan your time carefully. ②Find a good place to study. ③Make good use of your time in class. 只要做到这三点，用不着大量的作业和工作，就可以提高学习成绩，但很多考生就没有注意到整个文段的语境，只是孤立看一句话“如果利用好时间，通过努力工作就可以提高学习成绩”，因此考生易填上with或through。实际上80、81、86都属于语境考题，要准确填词，务必弄清前后语境暗示与联系。又如：Of course, studying shouldn’t take all of your time. (当然，学习不应该占用你所有时间。)，自然就会联想到“留时间做……”leave time for…因此80应该填time。look around the house的目的就是为了a good study place，因此填上for表目的，相当于to find，与前面语境find a good place to study吻合。最后一句I believe you’ll find ______ other ways besides these.结合前面语境There are only a few ways mentioned here. 中的only a few，很容易想到some或many。