中考英语：如何走出“主谓一致”的三大误区
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⊙ 重庆市巴川中学 潘云芬 误区一 误认主语 1. 倒装句 ①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×） ②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√) 【解析】 第①句谓语动词使用are，错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语，但实际上是介词between的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是a big tree。因此第②句正确。 特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构：副词/介词短语+谓语+主语 2. 主语之后带有介词短语 ①The fruit like apples , oranges are good for our health. (×） ②The fruit like apples , oranges is good for our health. (√) 【解析】 第①句误认为apples , oranges是主语，因此谓语动词用are，而实际上the fruit才是该句的主语，like apples , oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit。该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第②句是正确的。 特别提醒 类似的结构有：主语+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ，谓语动词应与主语一致，而与介词短语之后的名词无关。 3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词 ①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×） ②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√) 【解析】 one of the boys的中心词是one，因此谓语动词用单数，造成第①句错误的原因主要是把the boys当成了该句的主语。 4. 定语从句 ①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×） ②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√) 【解析】 which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词the photos，而which本身就代替先行词the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数，造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质，只是从形式上看它是单数。 特别提醒 定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。 误区二 被主语的表象迷惑 1. 看似复数却表单数概念 ①Maths are my favourite subject. (×） ②Maths is my favourite subject. (√) 【解析】 maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词，而不是一个复数名词，表示单数概念“数学”这一学科，因此第②句正确。 类似的有：physics , news , politics . . . 2. 看似单数却表复数概念 ①The police is searching for the robbers. (×） ②The police are searching for the robbers. (√) 【解析】 the police译为“警方”，表示复数概念，而不是表示“那个警察”，因此第②句正确，类似的词有：people , the + 形容词，the + 姓 + family等均表复数概念。 3. 名词的单复数同形 ①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (×） ②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (√) 【解析】 sheep是一个单复数形式相同的名词，由于sheep之前用的a little修饰，加上Can you see it中的it指代单数，因此a little sheep译为“一只小绵羊”，因此第②句正确。如果将原题改为：There ________ (be) a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them?那又会怎么样呢。 特别提醒 类似的单复数形式相同的词还有fish, Chinese, Japanese等，要根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。 4. 集合名词 ①Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. (×） ②Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. (√) 【解析】 family是一个集合名词，表示整体概念时谓语用单数，表示个体概念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福，现在全家人正在看电视”。因此第一个family表示整体概念，译为“家庭”，第二个family表示个体概念，译为“家人”，第②句正确。 特别提醒 类似的还有group, class, team等既可表单数也可表复数。 误区三 误用语言规则 1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语 ①Ten years are quite a long time. (×） ②Ten years is quite a long time. (√) 【解析】 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词的复数作主语时看作一个整体，谓语动词要用单数，容易错误理解为复数而出现第①句的错误。 2. 由and连接的并列主语 ①The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×） ②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. (√) 【解析】 the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念，译为“第20课即最后一课”，因此谓语动词应该用单数。同学们容易错误理解“第20课和最后一课”，如果表示两课，应该表达为“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。 特别提醒 由and连接的并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，表示不同的概念时谓语动词用复数。 3. 就近原则 ①Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. (×） ②Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. (√) 【解析】 neither . . . nor连接的并列主语(you , he)虽然表示两个人，但根据语言规则，当它连接并列主语的时候，谓语动词根据就近原则，该由he决定，因此第②句正确。 特别提醒 类似的还有either . . . or, not only . . . but also, not . . . but, 以及there be之后的并列主语，谓语动词的确定都根据“就近原则”。 4. this kind of, a piece of, this pair of等短语作主语 ①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×） ②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√) 【解析】 trousers作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它被this pair of修饰时谓语动词由pair的单复数确定。因此第②句正确。 特别提醒 this kind of, a piece of, a bag of, a box of等，这类短语作主语时谓语动词的单复数由这些短语中的名词决定，而与它们所修饰的名词无关。 5. the rest of，half of等短语作主语 ①Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×） ②Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. (√) 【解析】 根据句意和句子结构可以判断the rest of it中的it，指the work，而work是不可数名词，因此第②句正确。 特别提醒 all of, most of, half of, the rest of，以及a lot of, some, any+名词作主语时，要根据后面的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。 6. 一句话提示 ①合成不定代词(如something，anybody等)作主语，谓语动词用单数； ②动名词、不定式、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数； ③a number of + 名词(复)作主语，谓语用复数，the number of + 名词(复)作主语，谓语用单数； ④none of . . . 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。 根据句意，从所给出的选项中选出最佳答案。 A. be B. is C. are D. am 2. —_____ this pair of glasses yours? —No. My glasses _____ on the desk. A. Is, is B. Are, is C. Is, are D. Are, are 3. The old _____ taken good care of in China now. A. was B. are C. is D. were 4. Nobody except the twins ___ to Hongkong before. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 5. —What’s on the plate? —There _____ some rice on it. A. is B. are C. has D. have 6. Five years _____ since we met last. A. have passed B. has past C. has passed D. have pasted 7. Here _____ some flowers for you. A. is B. are C. has D. have 8. There __________ a number of teachers, but the number of women teachers ________ only thirty. A. are, are B. are, is C. is, are D. is, is 9. Not only my uncle but also my parents _______ I am right. A. think B. thank C. thinks D. are thinking 10. Doing morning exercises _____ good for our health. A. be B. are C. is D. am 11. Everyone likes people who _____ ready to help others. A. is B. are C. being D. was 12. The Smith family _____ making dumplings in the kitchen. A. is B. are C. has been D. can 13. One third of the population in our city ______ farmers in the past. A. are B. were C. is D. was 14. The headmaster and the teacher ______ coming to us now. A. are B. is C. will D. am 15. Tom as well as his friends _____ skating every Saturday. A. are B. is C. go D. goes (Keys： 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D) |
