Reported speech1 间接引语1
When we report someone’s words we can do it in two ways. We can use direct speech with quotation marks (“I work in a bank”), or we can use reported speech (He said he worked in a bank.) 当我们转述别人的话的时候,我们能有两种说法。我们可以用带引号的直接语气(“I work in a bank”),或者用间接引语(He said he worked in a bank.)。 In reported speech the tenses, word-order and pronouns may be different from those in the original sentence. 用间接引语的句子,其时态、单词顺序和代词可能会跟原句的不同。 Present simple and present continuous tenses 一般现在时和现在进行时 • Direct speech: I travel a lot in my job. 直接语气: “I travel a lot in my job” Reported speech:He said that he travelled a lot in his job. 间接引语: He said that he travelled a lot in his job. The present simple tense (I travel) usually changes to the past simple (he travelled) in reported speech. 一般现在时态,在间接引语里一般变成一般过去时。 • Direct speech:Be quiet. The baby’s sleeping. 直接语气: “Be quiet. The baby’s sleeping.” Reported speech:She told me to be quiet because the baby was sleeping. 间接引语: She told me to be quiet because the baby was sleeping. The present continuous usually changes to the past continuous. 现在进行时一般变成过去进行时。 Note 注意: • Reported speech:“I work in Italy” 间接引语: He told me that he works in Italy. It isn’t always necessary to change the tense. If something is still true now – he still works in Italy – we can use the present simple in the reported sentence. 并不是任何情况下都要改变时态,如果某事现在还是真实的—例句中,他现在还在意大利工作的话,我们就能在用间接引语的时候也用一般现在时态即可。 Past simple and past continuous tenses 一般过去时和过去进行时态 • Direct speech:“We lived in China for 5 years.” 直接语气: “We lived in China for 5 years.” Reported speech:She told me they had lived in China for 5 years. 间接引语: She told me they had lived in China for 5 years. The past simple tense (we lived) usually changes to the past perfect (they had lived) in reported speech. 一般过去时态在间接引语中经常变成过去完成时。 • Direct speech:“I was walking down the road when I saw the accident." 直接语气: “I was walking down the road when I saw the accident.” Reported speech:He told me he’d been walking down the road when he’d seen the accident. 间接引语: He told me he’d been walking down the road when he’d seen the accident. The past continuous usually changes to the past perfect continuous. 过去进行时经常变成过去完成进行时。 Perfect tenses 完成时态 • Direct speech:They’ve always been very kind to me. 直接语气: “They’ve always been very kind to me”. Reported speech:She said they’d always been very kind to her. 间接引语: She said they’d always been very kind to her. The present perfect tense (have always been) usually changes to the past perfect tense (had always been). 现在完成时经常变成过去完成时。 • Direct speech: “They had already eaten when I arrived” 直接引语:“They had already eaten when I arrived”。 Reported speech: He said they’d already eaten when he’d arrived. 间接引语:He said they’d already eaten when he’d arrived. The past perfect tense does not change in reported speech. 过去完成时态在变成间接引语的时候不用变。 You can find more information about reported speech in another section. 你在另一章节里可以找到更多关于间接引语的语法信息。 |