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高考常见的定语从句四大类型汇总

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定语从句也是一种非常常见的从句形式,是各类考试都必定考察的重点,然而定语从句类型繁多,引导词复杂,让很多同学都焦头烂额,小编这次就为大家带来高考常见的定语从句八大类,一起学起来吧!

(1)考查whose 引导的定语从句
此时要注意三点:(1) whose 引导的定语从句,其后应紧跟名词,构成“whose+名词”;(2) whose 引导的定语从句,其先行词不仅可以指人,还可以指物;(3) whose 引导的定语从句指物时,可用 of which 代替whose,但词序不同,即whose+名词=the +名词+of which。如:
1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _________ effects the people are still suffering. (天津卷)
A. that               B. whose             C. those               D. what
2. George Orwell, _________was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (北京卷)
A. the real name                             B. what his real name
C. his real name                             D. whose real name
解析:这两道题考查由whose引导的定语从句,whose在题中表示所属关系。
 
(2)考查分隔式定语从句
即所考查的定语从句与先行词之间插有其他修饰语。做题时应撇开其中的修饰语,直接将先行词与定语从句联系起来。如:
1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (全国卷)
A. until               B. that                C. when              D. where
2. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _________ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. (北京春季卷)
A. that                B. while             C. which             D. when
解析:第1题选C,先行词是the hours,back to me 是插入先行词与定语从句之间的干扰成分;第2题选D,定语从句修饰的先行词是an exciting moment。

(3)考查关系词省略的限制性定语从句
1.—Why does she always ask you for help?
—There is no one else _________, is there? (北京卷)
A. who to turn to              B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn          D. for her to turn
解析:此题答案选B,先行词是no one else,she can turn to前省略了作宾语的关系代词whom或who。值得注意的是,本句还可以写成to whom she can turn。
2. What surprised me was not what he said but _________ he said it. (年湖北卷)
A. the way                       B. in the way that
C. in the way                   D. the way which
解析:此题答案选A,考查the way后接定语从句的用法。the way后接定语从句有三种用法:(1) 用in which引导;(2) 用that引导;(3) 省略关系词。此题属于第三种用法。
 
(4)考查定语从句与其他知识点的综合运用
1. He is the only one of the students who _________ a winner of scholarship for three years. (上海春季卷)
A. is                   B. are            C. have been        D. has been
解析:此题形式上好像只是考查主谓一致和时态的运用,实际上关键是确定先行词。代词one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式,one of the students中的先行词是the students,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数形式;但此处the only one of the students中的先行词是the only one,所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。而且句子中因为有状语for three years,要用现在完成时,所以综合判断后答案只能是D。
2. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _________ I will always treasure. (全国卷)
A. that                 B. one                  C. it                     D. what
解析:答案选B。题中的one是an unforgettable moment的同位语,同时也是先行词,其后就是一个定语从句,I always treasure前省略了作宾语的关系代词that,treasure在这里是及物动词,意思是“铭记,珍藏”。

以上就是这次为大家带来的内容了,大家都掌握了吗? 这些都是从历年高考中收集来的常见考点,大家一定要铭记在心,但不仅仅是记住题目,而是牢牢掌握知识点,希望这次的内容能为备考的大家带来帮助。

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