时态讲述：完成时相关的时态

英语中有12个主要时态，都来自于三时（过去、现在、将来） ，今天，小编就大致给同学们讲讲英语中的时态问题，一起来看看吧！

现在以I listen为例，举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示：

一般现在时：I listen       现在进行时：I am listening       过去进行时：I was listening

现在完成时：I have listened       现在完成进行时：I have been listening       一般将来时：I shall listen”或“I will listen.”

将来进行时：I shall be listening       一般过去时：I listened       过去完成时：I had listened

过去完成进行时：I had been listening       将来完成时： I shall have listened       将来完成进行时： I shall have been listening

(1)现在完成时

基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他

He has worked for us for ten years.

Has he worked for us for ten years.

(2)过去完成时

基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他

②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他

肯定回答：Yes,主语+had

否定回答：No,主语+hadn't

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）

语法判定:

（1） by + 过去的时间点。如：

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

（2） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：

We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

（3） before + 过去的时间点。如：

They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

(3)将来完成时

（shall）will+have+动词过去分词

before+将来时间或by+将来时间

before或by the time引导的现在时的从句

He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.

(4)过去将来完成时

should / would have done sth.

He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.

(5)现在完成进行时

基本与现在完成时相同，但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念

have/has been +-ing 分词

He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.

(6)过去完成进行时

had been +-ing 分词

He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.

(7)将来完成进行时

主语+ shall/will have been doing

He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.

翻译为：他最近一直在为我们工作（过去在工作，现在在工作，将来还会工作）

(8)过去将来完成进行时

should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称

would have been+现在分词用于其他人称

He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.

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