早起鸟还是夜猫子？工作时间适应生物钟使人更高效

按照生物节律，人们可以被分成两类：早上容易兴奋的人和晚上容易兴奋的人，也就是“早起鸟”和“夜猫子”。“早起鸟”在早上的自控力更高，而“夜猫子”的黄金时间则在晚上。想要员工工作效率更高的老板们，是时候调整一下每位员工的工作时间了。

If you're not a morning person, chances are you've tried arguing with your boss to try and start work later.
如果你不喜欢早起，那么你可能试着和老板争论过，想要每天晚些开始工作。

And now, new research has confirmed your long-held belief. You really would be better off having some extra time in bed.
而现在，一项新研究证实了你一直以来的信念。早上多睡一会儿确实让你状态更好。

Bosses would have much more productive employees if they were allowed to do their job during their peak hours, scientists suggest.
科学家表示，如果老板允许员工在各自的“高峰时间”工作，员工的工作效率会提高不少。

This depends on what time someone functions best at, be it a morning person or a so-called 'night owl', according to University of Sydney researchers.
悉尼大学的研究人员称，这取决于人们在什么时间更有活力，是喜欢早起的人，还是“夜猫子”。

study author Stefan Volk told the Sydney Morning Herald that making work flexible to each person's body clock would be more efficient.
研究报告的作者斯蒂芬-沃尔克告诉《悉尼先驱晨报》，让工作灵活适应人体的生物钟规律会让人更高效。

He said: 'These physiological differences matter a lot in the work context and we have to understand how it affects teams.
他说：“在工作环境中，这些生理差异非常重要，我们要明白它对团队有怎样的影响。”

'When people are different, it can be positive or negative depending on the specific task they are performing.
“当人们的生物钟有差异时，这对人们的影响是积极还是消极，取决于他们所从事的特定工作任务。”

'If members of a surgical team are different chronotypes, that is not ideal.'
“如果外科团队的成员睡眠类型有差异，那就不太妙了。”

Circadian rhythm, also known as the internal body clock, control everyone's periods of activity and rest.
生理节律也称为体内生物钟，控制着每个人活跃和休息的周期。

The researchers used this information to determine the 'chronotype diversity' of the volunteers in the study.
研究人员利用这一信息来确定研究中受试者的“睡眠类型多样性”。

They noted how the productivity levels of the workers were completely dependent on this.
他们注意到，员工的工作效率水平完全取决于此。

In their study, they came across three types of employees, suited best to either morning, evening or intermediate shifts.
在研究中，他们遇到了三种类型的员工，分别在早晨、晚间或者中间时段状态最佳。

The latter were defined as those whose work output reached maximum levels at around midday. After assessing how this affects the performance of a team, they found it to have negative effects in a workplace.
中间时段指的是工作成效在午间达到高峰的人。在评估了这如何影响团队表现之后，他们发现这在工作场所也有负面影响。

Mismatched circadian rhythms were noted to affect coordination, potentially dangerous for those who work in teams, such as surgeons.
他们注意到，不匹配的昼夜节律会影响工作配合，对团队成员可能有危险，比如，外科医生。

However, in some occupations, where sustained attention is required, it could be beneficial for employees.
然而在一些需要持续集中注意力的职业中，这种配合可能对员工非常有利。

The findings were published in the journal the Academy of Management Review.
这项研究成果发表在《管理学会评审》期刊上。