苹果推出新应用 专治手机上瘾

现代人沉迷于智能手机，甚至被智能手机绑架了生活，还有小孩宁愿智能手机从未被发明。这是智能手机的错吗？苹果公司表示，我们不背这个锅！为了表明立场，苹果将在今年秋季推出一系列新应用，帮助人们监控并限制使用手机的时间。

Apple has unveiled digital wellbeing tools to help people reduce the time they spend glued to their screens.

苹果公司推出了一款数字健康工具，以帮助人们减少沉迷于手机的时间。

A new app called Screen Time will offer iPhone and iPad users a dashboard highlighting how much time they have spent using which apps, how many notifications they receive, how often they pick up their device and how their usage patterns compare to the average.

这款名为“屏幕时间”的新应用面向的是苹果手机和苹果平板电脑的用户，将会用数字仪表板的形式显示出用户使用哪一款应用消耗了多少时间，用户收到了多少个通知，以及他们拿起手机的频率，还有他们的使用模式和平均水平的对比。

The app also lets users set daily time limits for individual apps, and a notification will be shown when the time limit is about to expire. Parents will be able to access their children’s activity reports from their own devices to understand and manage their browsing habits.

这款应用还让用户设置单个应用的每日使用时间上限，时间快到时会发出通知。父母将能够在自己的手机上访问孩子的活动报告，了解和管理孩子的浏览习惯。

“Some apps send us flurries of notifications trying to draw us in for fear of missing out,” said Apple’s senior vice-president of Software Engineering, Craig Federighi, speaking to a 6,000-strong audience at WWDC, Apple’s annual developer conference, at the McEnery Convention Center in San Jose on Monday. “For some of us it’s become such a habit we don’t even recognise just how distracted we’ve become.”

苹果公司软件工程高级副总裁克雷格·费德里吉在全球开发者大会上对6000名听众说道：“一些应用因为害怕用户错过内容，不停地发送通知来吸引我们。对一些人来说，看手机已经成为一种习惯，我们甚至都意识不到自己分神的严重程度。”苹果一年一度的全球开发者大会本周一在圣何塞麦克恩利会议中心举行。

Screen Time will be available with iOS 12, the latest version of Apple’s mobile operating system, which launches later this year.

“屏幕时间”应用将会出现在苹果新一代手机操作系统iOS 12上，该操作系统将于今年晚些时候发布。

Other digital wellbeing features to launch with iOS 12 include enhancements to the “do not disturb” feature, including a bedtime mode that dims the display and hides all notifications from the lock screen until prompted in the morning.

随iOS 12一同发布的其他数字健康软件还有免打扰功能的升级版，包括可以调暗屏幕并隐藏锁屏上的所有通知直到用户晨起查看的睡眠模式。

The new operating system will also let users control how notifications are delivered to reduce interruptions, including the ability to group together notifications or turn them off completely. Apple’s virtual assistant Siri will also make suggestions for notification settings based on which alerts people act upon.

新的操作系统还能让用户控制通知发送方式以减少打扰，包括给通知分组或完全关闭通知。苹果的虚拟助手Siri将基于用户看到通知后的反应提出关于通知设置的建议。

The focus on digital wellbeing comes at a time when technology companies including Facebook, Twitter, Google and Apple are being scrutinised for their use of habit-forming design practices that encourage people to spend more time on their devices, such as infinite scrolling, notifications and other behavioural “nudges”.

发布这些数字健康软件的当口，正值脸谱网、推特、谷歌和苹果等技术公司因为让用户上瘾的设计手法而接受审查。这些设计鼓励人们花更多时间使用手机，比如不停翻阅滚动页面、没完没了的通知以及其他促使用户看手机的小伎俩。

Apple’s tools are very similar to those announced by Google last month at its own annual developer conference, Google I/O. The latest version of Google’s mobile operating system, Android P, also comes with an “app dashboard” which allows users to set time limits on individual apps as well as a wind-down mode before bedtime that stops notifications and turns the screen to greyscale.

苹果的这些新软件和谷歌上个月在自己的年度开发者大会——谷歌I/O大会上宣布的新功能非常相似。谷歌最新版的手机操作系统安卓P也带有让用户设置单个应用使用时间限制的“仪表板应用”，以及在睡觉前停止发送通知和将屏幕调成灰色的淡出模式。

The company also doubled down on its commitment to privacy with the introduction of tools to prevent advertisers from tracking users of Apple devices from being tracked online.

苹果公司还加倍重视保护用户隐私，引进一系列工具，以防止广告商在线跟踪苹果手机的用户。

In a direct swipe at Facebook, Federighi explained how “like buttons and share buttons” and comment features can “be used to track you whether you click on them or not”.

费德里吉给了脸谱网当头一棒，解释了“点赞按钮和分享按钮”以及评论功能是如何“被用来跟踪你的，无论你是否点击了这些按钮”。

“This year we’re shutting that down,” he said, adding that people can interact with these features if they choose to, but they won’t be tracked by default on an Apple computer if they use the native Safari browser on the next version of its desktop operating system, macOS Mojave.

他说：“今年我们要终止这种跟踪，”并补充说，人们可以选择用这些功能进行互动，但不会在苹果电脑新版桌面操作系统macOS Mojave默认自带的Safari 浏览器上被跟踪。

The company is also clamping down on a technique called “fingerprinting” which allows advertisers to identify and track individual web users based on the unique way their computer is set up, including the device, operating system and fonts they are using.

苹果还将打击一种名为“指纹识别”的技术，这种技术允许广告商基于每台电脑的独特设置，包括装置、操作系统和字体，来识别和跟踪个人网络用户。

“Put simply, there are two big classes of tracking: cookies and fingerprinting,” said Dr Lukasz Olejnik, independent security and privacy researcher and consultant. “It appears that Apple has set a goal to go after all techniques that may be used in third-party tracking. It’s an arms race and I believe Apple may be winning.”

独立安全隐私研究员和顾问卢卡什·奥勒杰尼克博士说：“简单来说，跟踪技术主要有两种：cookie文件和指纹识别。看起来苹果公司已经确立了目标，要干掉所有可能被用于第三方跟踪的技术。这是一场‘军备’竞赛，我认为苹果可能会赢。”