国际民航组织发新规 建议限制乘客使用机上厕所

新冠肺炎疫情给全球航空业造成沉重打击。在多国疫情限制措施有所放松之际，国际民用航空组织对如何帮助乘客和工作人员预防感染提出了新的建议，包括限制乘客在飞机上使用厕所等。

Air passengers should have restricted access to toilets on flights as part of wide-ranging coronavirus safety recommendations, a UN agency has said.

联合国机构国际民用航空组织表示，应该限制乘客在飞机上使用厕所，这是一份覆盖面很广的预防新冠病毒安全建议提到的。

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) guidelines also include limiting or suspending food and drink services on short-haul flights.

国际民用航空组织的指南还包括限制或暂停短途航班上的食品和饮料服务。

The new guidelines are designed to protect air passengers and workers from the Covid-19 virus as lockdown eases.

随着疫情封锁措施的解除，新指南旨在保护乘客和工作人员免受新冠病毒的感染。

Airlines could see revenues plunge £314bn in 2020, the ICAO added.

国际民用航空组织补充称，航空公司今年的收入可能会减少3140亿英镑（约合人民币27937亿元）。

The aviation industry has been struggling as lockdown measures around the world have limited flights and passenger numbers.

由于世界各地的封锁措施限制了航班和乘客数量，航空业一直在苦苦挣扎。

As those travel restrictions begin to ease, the ICAO has issued guidelines for governments, with the aim of airlines and airports having a unified response when trying to keep passengers and staff safe from coronavirus.

随着这些旅行限制开始放松，国际民用航空组织向各国政府发布了指导方针，目的是让航空公司和机场在努力保护乘客和工作人员免受新冠病毒感染时做出一致反应。

The ICAO stopped short of saying that passengers must be socially-distanced on planes, but it did say they should be seated separately "when occupancy allows it".

国际民用航空组织没有指出乘客必须在飞机上保持社交距离，但明确表示，“当入座率允许时”，乘客应该分开坐。

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Passengers should travel as lightly as possible, with small hand luggage stowed under their seat. Newspapers and magazines should be removed, and duty free sales should be temporarily limited, the UN's civil aviation body said.

乘客应该尽量轻装出行，把小的手提行李放在座位下面。该机构表示，应撤下机上的报纸和杂志，并暂时限制免税销售。

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 People wearing face masks are seen at Hongqiao International Airport in Shanghai, on May 21, 2020. [Photo/Agencies]

Short-haul food and drinks services should be limited or suspended, or be sold in sealed, pre-packaged containers.

应限制或暂停短途航班的食品和饮料服务，或将食品饮料密封在预先包装的容器中出售。

Access to toilets should also be restricted, the ICAO said. Where possible, one toilet should be set aside for use by cabin crew, and passengers should use a designated lavatory based on which seat they have.

国际民用航空组织表示，厕所的使用也应该受到限制。如有可能，应留出一间厕所供机组人员使用，乘客应根据自己的座位使用指定的厕所。

In general, face masks should be worn in line with public health guidelines, and social distancing should be made possible where it is feasible, the UN body said.

该机构表示，总的来说，应按照公共卫生准则戴口罩，在可行的情况下，应尽可能保持社交距离。

Areas should be routinely cleaned, and passengers should be checked for signs of coronavirus, by screening temperatures, for example. Contact tracing methods should also be explored.

区域应定期清洁，并应通过筛查体温等措施检查乘客是否有感染新冠病毒的迹象，还应探索使用接触者追踪方法。

At airports, staff should have adequate personal protective equipment, which "could include gloves, medical masks, goggles or a face shield, and gowns or aprons," the guidelines said.

指南提出，在机场，工作人员应该有足够的个人防护用品，“包括手套、医用口罩、护目镜或面罩，以及防护衣。”

Passengers should be encouraged to check-in before getting to the airport, and to use mobile boarding passes.

应鼓励乘客在到达机场前办理登机手续，并使用电子登机牌。

Airports should also use contactless technology, including facial and iris scanning, for "self-service bag drops, various queue access, boarding gates and retail and duty-free outlets", the guidelines say.

该指导方针称，机场还应使用非接触式技术，包括面部和虹膜扫描，应用于“自助托运行李、各种排队通道、登机门、零售和免税商店”。

"This will eliminate or greatly reduce the need for contact with travel documents between staff and passengers," the UN agency added.

该机构补充说：“这将避免或大大减少工作人员和乘客之间接触旅行证件的需要。”

The recommendations are extensive and detailed - a blueprint for aviation in the Covid-19 era; and one fact stands out. Flying, for a while at least, is not going to be a whole lot of fun.

这份广泛而详细的建议是新冠疫情时代航空业的总体指导方针。有一点非常明确：飞行，至少在一段时间内，不再充满乐趣。

From the moment you arrive at the terminal building, armed with your pre-printed boarding pass and luggage tags, human contact will be limited, social distancing the norm. Masks will be obligatory, and supplies of hand sanitiser everywhere.

从你拿着预先打印好的登机牌和行李标签到达航站楼的那一刻起，人与人之间的接触就会受到限制，保持社交距离成为常规。人们必须戴口罩，到处都有洗手液。

It insists the new measures should be temporary.

该机构坚持认为新措施应该是暂时的。

Airlines and aerospace firms have been struggling amid the coronavirus crisis.

航空公司一直在新冠病毒危机中苦苦挣扎。

At the beginning of May, Virgin Atlantic said it would axe 3,000 jobs and quit Gatwick. Later in the month, engine-maker Rolls Royce said it would cut 9,000 jobs.

五月初，维珍大西洋航空公司宣布将裁员3000人并撤出盖特威克机场。当月晚些时候，引擎制造商劳斯莱斯宣布将裁员9000人。

There has been a huge reduction in air travel, with daily flights down about 80% since the start of the year.

航空旅行大幅减少，自今年年初以来，每日航班减少了约80%。