飞机出事怎么办？11个自救求生方法

爱思英语编者按：当地时间7月6日，一架韩国韩亚航空公司的波音777客机在美国旧金山机场降落时坠毁，据最新报道，目前该客机坠毁已导致2人死亡多人受伤。如今航空旅行越来越普遍频繁，那么如何才能保证安全乘机呢？明确以下几点或许可以在事故发生时派上大用场。

Wear long pants, a long-sleeve t-shirt, and sturdy, comfortable, lace-up shoes.
选择长裤、长袖衬衫和坚固舒适的系带鞋。

Although you may want to be comfortable or professional-looking on a flight, sandals or high heels make it hard to move quickly within the wreckage. High heels are not allowed on the evacuation slides and you can cut your feet and toes on glass or get flammable liquids on or in your sandals if you wear them.
尽管你想在飞机上穿得舒适或职业，但穿着凉鞋、高跟鞋不利于在飞机失事后快速逃生。使用逃生滑梯时不能穿高跟鞋，而光脚或只穿凉鞋有可能会被玻璃划伤，或沾上易燃液体。

Book the right seats.
预定安全位置的座位。

The key to survive a crash is frequently how quickly you can get out. To this end, it’s best to get seats as close as possible to an exit, and aisle seats are generally preferable. In addition, try to sit in the back of the plane. Passengers in the tail of the aircraft have 40% higher survival rates than those in the first few rows.
通常情况下，逃生速度越快就越容易脱险。为此，所选座位离出口越近越好，最好能选上靠近过道的位置。另外，应选择靠后的座位。坐在飞机尾部的乘客在事故发生时，比坐在飞机前排的能多出40%的逃生几率。

Read the safety information card and pay attention to the pre-flight safety speech.
仔细阅读安全卡片，注意起飞前的安全通告。

Make a plan.
制定逃生计划。

If the plane is going to crash, you almost always have several minutes to prepare before impact. Use this time to once again review where the exits are, and try to count the number of seats between your row and the exit row—that way you’ll know when you’ve reached the exit even if you can’t see it.
如果飞机发生事故，你大概在坠机前有几分钟准备时间。利用这段时间再次观察出口位置，数清你的位置离出口有几排座位，这样即使在你看不见时也能明确出口方位。

Assess the situation as well as possible. Try to determine what surface the plane will land on so you can customize your preparations. If you’re going to be landing in water, for example, you’ll want to put your life vest on—don’t inflate it until you’re out of the plane—and if you’re going to be landing in cold weather, you should try to get a blanket or jacket to keep you warm once outside.
尽可能准确地估计状况。尽量明确飞机迫降表面，并作出相应准备。例如，如果飞机要降落在水面上，你则需穿上救生衣（但注意应在出飞机后再充气），如果外面很冷，你还应该带上毯子或夹克衫御寒。

Don’t assume you know it all already. Every type of airplane has different safety instructions. If you're sitting in an exit row, study the door and make sure you know how to open it if you need to. In normal circumstances the flight attendant will open the door, but if they are dead or injured, you'll need to do it.
别以为你已经知道所有的安全事项。不同类型的飞机都有不同的安全指导。如果你坐在出口一排，要仔细研究舱门，知道如何开门，以备不时之需。正常情况下乘务员会开门，但如果他们受伤死亡，就要你自己来做了。

Keep your seat belt securely fastened at all times.
任何时候都要系紧安全带。

In any case, make sure it is placed around you snugly before impact. Also, push that snug seat belt down as low over your pelvis as possible. The pelvis is a very strong structure that handles force well. If your belt slides up into your stomach, you have a greater chance of sustaining dangerous internal injuries.
在任何情况下，都要确保飞机冲击地面时把安全带系牢。另外，还要将安全带系在盆骨以下，因为盆骨结构更易受力。如果安全带滑到肚子上，内脏受伤的几率会大大增加。

Brace yourself for impact.
坠机时抱紧自己。

If you know you’re going to crash, brace yourself. Return your seat back to its full upright position, bend forward and put your chest on your thighs and your head between your knees. Cross your wrists in front of your lower calves, and grab your ankles. Place your legs as far under the seat as possible to avoid breaking your shin bones.
如果你知道马上就要坠机，抱紧自己。把座位调到完全竖直的位置，弯腰将胸部贴紧大腿，将头放置于两膝之间，双手在小腿前交叉后抓住脚踝。不要将腿放在座位下方，以防胫骨受伤。

Remain calm.
保持冷静。

It can be easy to get swept up in the pandemonium immediately preceding and following a crash. Keep a cool head, though, and you’re more likely to get out alive. Remember that even in the worst wrecks, you do have a chance of survival. You’ll need to be able to think methodically and rationally to maximize that chance.
在坠机前后很容易被混乱场面冲昏头脑。这时一定要保持冷静才能有更大的逃生几率。请记住，即使在最糟糕的的事故中，也会有一线生机，你要做的就是冷静、有步骤地思考如何做才能扩大自己的生存几率。

Put your oxygen mask on before assisting others.
戴好自己的氧气罩之后再去帮别人。

You’ve probably heard this on every commercial flight you’ve been on, but it’s worth repeating. If the integrity of the cabin is compromised, you have only about 15 seconds to start breathing through your oxygen mask before you are rendered unconscious.
可能你在所有民航飞机上都听到过这句话，但重复这点相当重要。如果机舱整体性被破坏，在你昏迷前只有15秒的时间戴氧气面罩。

Protect yourself from smoke.
防止吸入烟尘。

Fire and, more commonly, smoke is responsible for a large percentage of crash fatalities. The smoke in an airplane fire can be very thick and highly toxic, so cover your nose and mouth with a cloth to avoid breathing it in.
大规模失事飞机人员死亡的主要因素是火灾，尤其是烟尘。机舱起火会产生具有高浓度和高毒性的烟雾，因此要捂住口鼻防止吸入过量烟雾。

Get out of the airplane as quickly as possible.
迅速离开机舱。

It’s critical to get out of the aircraft without delay—if fire or smoke is present, you will generally have less than two minutes to safely exit the plane.
飞机坠毁后迅速离开机舱至关重要。若有火灾、烟雾，你安全逃出飞机的时间一般不会多于2分钟。

Get at least 500 feet upwind from the wreckage.
逃离至距离飞机残骸逆风方向至少500英尺（约为152米）的方位。

If you’re stranded in a remote area, the best thing to do usually is to stay close to the aircraft to await rescuers. You don’t want to be too close, though. Fire or explosion can happen at any time after a crash, so put some distance between you and the plane.
如果你降落在荒僻地区，最好是在飞机附近等待救援人员。但也不能靠得太近。飞机坠机后，随时会发生火灾或爆炸，因此还要保持一段距离。