April: 愚人节的来历!
As it was called years ago, All Fools' Day is observed in many countries around the world. The origin of April Fool's Day remains clouded in obscurity. But what is clear is that the tradition of a day devoted to foolery had ancient roots. As we look back in time, many ancient predecessors of April Fool's Day are found. A French legendary The most widespread theory about the origin of April Fool's Day links the Gregorian calendar reform. Mythological roots There have been quite a few attempts to provide mythological explanations for the rise of April Fool's Day. One story dates back to Roman mythology, particularly the myth of Ceres (the Goddess of grain and the harvest) and Proserpina. In Roman mythology Pluto, the God of the Dead, abducted Proserpina and brought her to live with him in the underworld. Proserpina called out to her mother Ceres for help, but Ceres, who could only hear the echo of her daughter's voice, searched in vain for Proserpina. The fruitless search of Ceres for her daughter was commemmorated during the Roman festival of Cerealia and believed by some to have been the mythological antecedent of the fool's errands popular on April 1st. British folklore linked April Fool's Day to the town of Gotham. According to the legend, it was traditional in the 13th century for any road that the King travelled over to become public property. People in Gotham didn't want to lose their main road and spread a false story to stop the King. A messenger was sent to Gotham after King John learned the people's trick. But when the messenger arrived in Gotham he found the town was full of lunatics who were engaged in foolish activities such as drowning fish or attempting to cage birds in roofless fences. The King fell for the hoax and declared the town too foolish to warrant punishment. And ever since then, April Fool's Day has supposedly commemmorated their trickery. Anthropological explanations Anthropologists and cultural historians provide their own explanations for the rise of April Fool's Day. According to them, the celebration traces its roots back to festivals marking the Springtime. Spring is the time of year when the weather becomes fickle, as if Nature is playing tricks on man, and festivals occurring during the Spring traditionally mirrored this sense of whimsy and surprise. They often involved temporary inversions of the social order. Normal behavior no longer governed during the brief moment of transition as the old world died and the new cycle of seasons was born. Practical jokes,trickery, and the turning upside down of status expectations were all allowed.
Ceres: 谷类女神,犹如希腊神化中的Demeter,掌管农业,富饶女神 Proserpina: 普罗塞耳皮娜,丰饶女神的女儿,后被Pluto诱拐成为地狱的女神 Pluto: 普罗托,罗马神话的冥神 fool's errands : fruitless mission or undertaking(徒劳无用的工作) lunatics: 傻瓜,疯子 Gregorian calendar: 格里高里历法,即现行的阳历,公历,由教皇格列高利十三世于1582年倡导使用,为朱利安历法的改进版 |