英语被动语态考点例析
一、考查要点: 主要考查一般现在时,一般过去时以及一般现在时带有情态动词的被动语态的用法。例如: 1. Today Chinese _____by more and more people around the world. A. was spoken B. is spoken C. spoke D. speak (2006北京市大纲卷) 2. -What should we do first if we want to develop our village? -A lot of new roads _____,I think. A. have to build B. must build C. have built D. must be built (2006湖北黄冈) (Key:1. B 2. D) 简析:被动语态的句子是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”这一形式构成的。过去分词永远不变,所有的变化即人称、数、时态的变化,都体现在助动词be的变化上。 二、特殊情况: (一)在没有必要指出动作的执行者时,“by+动作的执行者”可以省略。 1. I won’t leave my office until my work . A. finish B. will finish C. are finished D. is finished (2006江苏南通) 简析:D.动作的执行者很明确,可以省略。 (二)不知道动作的执行者是谁,使用被动语态比较适宜。 2. Dad, the phone is ringing. I guess either you or Mum_____on the phone. A. is wanted B. are wanted C. wants D. want (2006江苏宿迁) 简析:A.不清楚动作的执行者,用被动语态。 (三)用于被动语态的短语动词不可丢掉动词后面的介词或副词。 3. Students can’t take magazines out of the reading-room. (改为被动语态) Magazines can’t _____ the reading-room by students. (2006重庆市) 简析:填be taken out of.take out of为短语动词,变为被动语态后,不要漏掉out of. (四)带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时,常有两种方法:把主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前通常加介词to或for;或把主动语态的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,直接宾语不变。 4. My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year.(改为被动语态) A Christmas present _____ to me by my uncle last year. (2006重庆市) 简析:填was sent. 三、补充说明: (一)一般将来时的被动语态 1. The village is building a school. I hope it _____ before August this year. A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished (2006江西省大纲卷) 简析:D.一般将来时的被动语态结构为:will/shall+be+及物动词的过去分词。 (二)现在完成时的被动语态 2. China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _____ Goodwill Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shanghai. A. has been named B. have been named C. has named D. have named (2006江苏徐州) 简析:B.现在完成时的被动语态的结构为:have/has been+及物动词的过去分词。 |