2007年初中英语九大词类复习攻略-代词
代词(pron.)代替名词 二、代词(pron.)代替名词,兼有名词和形容词的作用 相互代词each other,one another 指示代词this,that,these,those 不定代词(不指明特定的人或事物的代词)each,every,both,all,either,neither,none,no,one,(a)few,(a)little,some,any,many,much,other,another 复合不定代词everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,every-thing,something,anything,nothing 疑问代词what,who,whom,which,whose 直接代词疑问代词都可作连接代词,引导宾语从句.表语从句等。 关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which用引导定语从句。 (二)代词的用法 1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词和指示代词的用法 (1)人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格用来作主语,宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语等。 eg. She gavemea red apple.她给了我一个红苹果: (She作主语,me作动词宾语) Kathy is near him.凯西靠近他。(介词near的宾语) 2,物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。 ①形容词性物主代词位于名词前:their school,his backpack ②名词性物主代词相当干一个名词,在句中可作主语、宾语等,后面不能再接名词。 egIt isn’t my pen.→Mine(=my pen) is missing.(作主语) I left my pen at home. You can use hers(=her pen),(作宾语) ③"of+名词性物主代词”属双重所有格的一种形式。 eg.a cat of hers她的一条狗,a friend of yours你的一个朋友 (3)反身代词 ①反身代词在句中可作同位语,起强调作用,也可作动词或介词的宾语。 eg.A few days later,I myself had to go to Paris.(作同位语) She bought herself a new bag.(作动词宾语) He's not worried about himself.(作介词宾语) ②带有反身代词的常用短语。 teach oneself自学 help oneself to随便吃些…吧 say to oneself自言自语. learn...by oneself自学… enjoy oneself过得愉快 leave one by oneself把某人单独留下 hurt oneself伤了自己 dress oneself自己穿衣服 come to oneself苏醒过来 (4)相互代词 ①表示相互关系,可用作动词或介词的宾语,用法区别不大。 eg. For years, the two sisters looked after one another(each other).多年来姐妹俩互相照顾。 We should learn from each other.我们应当互相学习。 ②可以用格表示所有关系:each other’s, one another’s互相的,彼此的 eg.They are looking at each other’s pictures.他们相互看对方的照片。 (5)指示代词 ①指示代词有单复数之分,既可指物,也可用于介绍人。 eg. This is an apple tree,and that is an orange tree.这是一棵苹果树,那是一棵桔子树。 These are my friends,and that is my sister.这些是我朋友,那个是我姐姐。 ②指示代词可用来指上文中提到的事情: eg.Steve had a bad cold.This/That was why he didn’t come to school yesterday· 2.不定代词的用法 (1)each,every,both,all,either,neither,no,none的用法 ①each"每个/各个”(强调个体),用于两者或两者以上。 eg.Two girls came and l gave an apple to each.来了俩姑娘,我给她们每人一个苹果。 Each of them has a nice ring.她们每人有一枚漂亮的戒指。 ②every"每个/各个”(强调全体),用于两者以上。every常作形容词用。 eg.Everyday is important to us.每天对我们都很重要。 He has read every book(all the books) On the subject.他阅读了所有有关这个主题的书。 ③both表示两者“都”(强调全体)。 eg.Her parents are both doctors.她父母都是医生。 Both of them are doctors.他俩都是医生。 They both like potatoes.他俩喜欢吃土豆。 ④all“全体/大家/一切”用于三者以上,也可接不可数名词。 eg.That’s all for today.今天到此为止。 All of us are from China.我们都来自中国。 All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。 ⑤either“两者之一”,用于两者(强调个体)。 eg.The two coats are cheap,so you can choose either of them.那两件外套不贵,你可以随便挑一件。 ⑥neither“两个都不”,用于否定两者。 eg. Neither Of the books is/are so interesting.那两本书没一本好看的。 ⑦no(=not any/not a)“没有”可接可数名词单复数,也可接不可数名词。 eg.I have no brothers Or sisters.我没有兄弟姐妹. A clock has no mouth,but it can talk.钟表没有嘴,但能说话。 There is no fire without some smoke.有火就有烟。 ⑧none“没有一个人/物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名{司。 eg.None Of them has/have been to Japan.他们都没去过日本。 I like none of the books.这些书我全都不喜欢。 ⑨neither和none表示完全否定;all,both,each和every(含every的复合词)等与not连用时表示部分否定。 eg.I don’t know all of you.我不完全认识你们。 Not everyone Of us know how to go there.不是我们每个人都知道怎样去那儿。 (2)one,ones和no one的用法 one用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人,以免重复;复数ones用来代替前面提到的一些物或一些人;no one表示否定。 eg.——Would you please pass me the science book?给我递过那本科学方面的书好吗? 一Which one?哪一本? 一The one on my shelf.我书架上的那本。 No one has traveled farther than to the moon.没有人旅行远过月球。 (3)(a)few,(a)little;many,much;some,any的用法 ①many(+复数名词),much(+不可数名词)表示“许多/很多”。 eg.Many Of the students come from England.那些学生许多是从英国来的。 Thanks,it’s too much for me.谢谢,我承受不起。 ②few(+复数名词),little(+不可数名词)表示“没多/很少”(表否定)。 eg,There were few people in the street last night.昨晚街上没什么人。 I am very worried that l have little time to finish the job.我担心,我几乎没有时间完成这份工作了。 ③a few(+复数名词),a little(+不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定)。 eg.I call see a few cakes and a little bread inthe fridge.我看到冰箱里有几块蛋糕和一些面包。注意:quite a few表示“相当多” eg.There are quite a few students over there.那儿有相当多的学生。 ④some(+复数名词/不可数名词),any(+复数名词/不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定)。 eg.There are some birds in the tree.树上有些鸟。 There is some water in the bottle.瓶里有些水。 I don’t have any brothers Of sisters.我没有 Is there any tea in the cup?杯子里有茶吗? ⑤.some一般用于肯定句,但在表示请求、建议。反问等的疑问句中,多用some。 eg: Would you like some beer?你要不要来点啤酒吗? Why didn’t you buy some sweets?(You should have bought...)你怎么没买点糖果? ⑥.any一般用于疑问句和否定句及条件从句 eg.There isn't any water left.没有剩下一点水。 If you have any questions, put up your hands。please.如果有问题,请举手。 ⑦:some+单数名词表示“某一个”,any+单数名词表示“随便哪一个”或“任何一个”。 eg.I'll catch up with you some day有一天我会赶上你的。 Come any day you like.你哪天来都行。 Tom is taller than any other student in his class.汤姆比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。 ④one ,other, others, the others ,another等的用法 1.○ ● one……the other 表示两个人或两件东西中的“一个…另一个” eg.Mr Smith has two daughters.0ne is a teacher,the other is a nurse. 2.○ ○○●○ one ………another 表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另—个”。 eg. I don’t want this One, please give me another. 3.○ ●●● one ……the others 强调在一定范围中的“一个”与“其余的”。 eg. In Our school One Of the teachers is American,the Others are Chinese. 4.○○○ ●●●● some…… the others 表示许多人或物,不在一定范围中的“一部分”与“其余的全部”。 eg.Some students are reading,the others are drawing pictures. ⑤others=other+名词;the others=the Other+名词。 eg.Some students like traveling,others(other students) like watching TV at home. ⑥another表示“再/又”时既可接单数名词,也可接数词+复数名词。 eg. He will be able to finish his work in another two hours.再过两个小时他就能完成他的工作。 (4)复合不定代词的用法 ①复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 eg.Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门 ②修饰复合不定代词的形容词或其它词要放在其后,即定语后置。 eg.There is something important On today’s newspaper.今天的报纸有些重要新闻。 ③复合不定代词变否定句时,要否定主语: eg.Something is wrong.(变为否定句) Something isn’t wrong.(错误) Nothing is wrong.(正确) ④Somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句;anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件句。 eg.There is something new in the park.公园里有些新的景点。 Do you have anything interesting to tell us?你有什么有趣的事要告诉我们吗? ⑤当somebody,someone等用于疑问句时,表示肯定、请求、建议或反问;anybody,anyone等用在肯定句中表示“任何人”。 eg.Is someone coming this afternoon?今天下午有客人来吗? Anyone can make mistakes.任何人都可能犯错误。 3.疑问代词的用法。 (1)who/whom谁(指人). ①作主语eg. Who wants to go with him? ②作宾语eg.Who/Whom are you waiting for?(作介词for的宾语) eg.Who/Whom do you want tomeet?(作动词meet的宾语) ③作表语eg.Who/Whom are they? (2)whose谁的 ①作定语eg. Whose pen is this? ②作表语eg. Whose is this pen? (3)which哪一个,哪一些 ①作定语eg.Which girl is Kathy? ②作表语eg. Which is the boy’s ball? (4)what什么 ①作主主语eg. What’s on the table? ②作宾语eg. What are you doing? ③作表语eg. What is he? ④作定语eg. What class are you in? 4.关系代词的用法 关系代词用来引起定语从句,它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词,另——方面又在从句中充当一个成分。 eg·This is the man who gave me the book.这就是给我书的那个人。 The money that/which is on the table is mine.桌上的钱是我的。 The money that/which my mother gave me is on the table.我妈妈给我的钱在桌上。 |