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2007年初中英语九大词类复习攻略-代词

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 代词(pron.)代替名词

 二、代词(pron.)代替名词,兼有名词和形容词的作用

相互代词each other,one another

指示代词this,that,these,those

不定代词(不指明特定的人或事物的代词)each,every,both,all,either,neither,none,no,one,(a)few,(a)little,some,any,many,much,other,another

复合不定代词everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,every-thing,something,anything,nothing

疑问代词what,who,whom,which,whose

直接代词疑问代词都可作连接代词,引导宾语从句.表语从句等。

关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which用引导定语从句。

(二)代词的用法

1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词和指示代词的用法

(1)人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格用来作主语,宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语等。

eg. She gavemea red apple.她给了我一个红苹果: (She作主语,me作动词宾语)

Kathy is near him.凯西靠近他。(介词near的宾语)

2,物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。

①形容词性物主代词位于名词前:their school,his backpack

②名词性物主代词相当干一个名词,在句中可作主语、宾语等,后面不能再接名词。

egIt isn’t my pen.→Mine(=my pen) is missing.(作主语)

I left my pen at home. You can use hers(=her pen),(作宾语)

③"of+名词性物主代词”属双重所有格的一种形式。

eg.a cat of hers她的一条狗,a friend of yours你的一个朋友

(3)反身代词

①反身代词在句中可作同位语,起强调作用,也可作动词或介词的宾语。

eg.A few days later,I myself had to go to Paris.(作同位语)

She bought herself a new bag.(作动词宾语)

He's not worried about himself.(作介词宾语)

②带有反身代词的常用短语。

teach oneself自学

help oneself to随便吃些…吧

say to oneself自言自语.

learn...by oneself自学…

enjoy oneself过得愉快

leave one by oneself把某人单独留下

hurt oneself伤了自己

dress oneself自己穿衣服

come to oneself苏醒过来

(4)相互代词

①表示相互关系,可用作动词或介词的宾语,用法区别不大。

eg. For years, the two sisters looked after one another(each other).多年来姐妹俩互相照顾。

We should learn from each other.我们应当互相学习。

②可以用格表示所有关系:each other’s, one another’s互相的,彼此的

eg.They are looking at each other’s pictures.他们相互看对方的照片。

(5)指示代词

①指示代词有单复数之分,既可指物,也可用于介绍人。

eg. This is an apple tree,and that is an orange tree.这是一棵苹果树,那是一棵桔子树。

These are my friends,and that is my sister.这些是我朋友,那个是我姐姐。

②指示代词可用来指上文中提到的事情:

eg.Steve had a bad cold.This/That was why he didn’t come to school yesterday·

2.不定代词的用法

(1)each,every,both,all,either,neither,no,none的用法

①each"每个/各个”(强调个体),用于两者或两者以上。

eg.Two girls came and l gave an apple to each.来了俩姑娘,我给她们每人一个苹果。

Each of them has a nice ring.她们每人有一枚漂亮的戒指。

②every"每个/各个”(强调全体),用于两者以上。every常作形容词用。

eg.Everyday is important to us.每天对我们都很重要。

He has read every book(all the books) On the subject.他阅读了所有有关这个主题的书。

③both表示两者“都”(强调全体)。

eg.Her parents are both doctors.她父母都是医生。

Both of them are doctors.他俩都是医生。

They both like potatoes.他俩喜欢吃土豆。

④all“全体/大家/一切”用于三者以上,也可接不可数名词。

eg.That’s all for today.今天到此为止。

All of us are from China.我们都来自中国。

All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。

⑤either“两者之一”,用于两者(强调个体)。

eg.The two coats are cheap,so you can choose either of them.那两件外套不贵,你可以随便挑一件。

⑥neither“两个都不”,用于否定两者。

eg. Neither Of the books is/are so interesting.那两本书没一本好看的。

⑦no(=not any/not a)“没有”可接可数名词单复数,也可接不可数名词。

eg.I have no brothers Or sisters.我没有兄弟姐妹.

A clock has no mouth,but it can talk.钟表没有嘴,但能说话。

There is no fire without some smoke.有火就有烟。

⑧none“没有一个人/物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名{司。

eg.None Of them has/have been to Japan.他们都没去过日本。

I like none of the books.这些书我全都不喜欢。

⑨neither和none表示完全否定;all,both,each和every(含every的复合词)等与not连用时表示部分否定。

eg.I don’t know all of you.我不完全认识你们。

Not everyone Of us know how to go there.不是我们每个人都知道怎样去那儿。

(2)one,ones和no one的用法

one用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人,以免重复;复数ones用来代替前面提到的一些物或一些人;no one表示否定。

eg.——Would you please pass me the science book?给我递过那本科学方面的书好吗?

一Which one?哪一本?

一The one on my shelf.我书架上的那本。

No one has traveled farther than to the moon.没有人旅行远过月球。

(3)(a)few,(a)little;many,much;some,any的用法

①many(+复数名词),much(+不可数名词)表示“许多/很多”。

eg.Many Of the students come from England.那些学生许多是从英国来的。

Thanks,it’s too much for me.谢谢,我承受不起。

②few(+复数名词),little(+不可数名词)表示“没多/很少”(表否定)。

eg,There were few people in the street last night.昨晚街上没什么人。

I am very worried that l have little time to finish the job.我担心,我几乎没有时间完成这份工作了。

③a few(+复数名词),a little(+不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定)。

eg.I call see a few cakes and a little bread inthe fridge.我看到冰箱里有几块蛋糕和一些面包。注意:quite a few表示“相当多”

eg.There are quite a few students over there.那儿有相当多的学生。

④some(+复数名词/不可数名词),any(+复数名词/不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定)。

eg.There are some birds in the tree.树上有些鸟。

There is some water in the bottle.瓶里有些水。

I don’t have any brothers Of sisters.我没有

Is there any tea in the cup?杯子里有茶吗?

⑤.some一般用于肯定句,但在表示请求、建议。反问等的疑问句中,多用some。

eg: Would you like some beer?你要不要来点啤酒吗?

Why didn’t you buy some sweets?(You should have bought...)你怎么没买点糖果?

⑥.any一般用于疑问句和否定句及条件从句

eg.There isn't any water left.没有剩下一点水。

If you have any questions, put up your hands。please.如果有问题,请举手。

⑦:some+单数名词表示“某一个”,any+单数名词表示“随便哪一个”或“任何一个”。

eg.I'll catch up with you some day有一天我会赶上你的。

Come any day you like.你哪天来都行。

Tom is taller than any other student in his class.汤姆比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。

④one ,other, others, the others ,another等的用法

1.○ ● one……the other

表示两个人或两件东西中的“一个…另一个”

eg.Mr Smith has two daughters.0ne is a teacher,the other is a nurse.

2.○ ○○●○ one ………another

表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另—个”。

eg. I don’t want this One, please give me another.

3.○ ●●● one ……the others

强调在一定范围中的“一个”与“其余的”。

eg. In Our school One Of the teachers is American,the Others are Chinese.

4.○○○ ●●●● some…… the others

表示许多人或物,不在一定范围中的“一部分”与“其余的全部”。

eg.Some students are reading,the others are drawing pictures.

⑤others=other+名词;the others=the Other+名词。

eg.Some students like traveling,others(other students) like watching TV at home.

⑥another表示“再/又”时既可接单数名词,也可接数词+复数名词。

eg. He will be able to finish his work in another two hours.再过两个小时他就能完成他的工作。

(4)复合不定代词的用法

①复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

eg.Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门

②修饰复合不定代词的形容词或其它词要放在其后,即定语后置。

eg.There is something important On today’s newspaper.今天的报纸有些重要新闻。

③复合不定代词变否定句时,要否定主语:

eg.Something is wrong.(变为否定句)

Something isn’t wrong.(错误)

Nothing is wrong.(正确)

④Somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句;anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件句。

eg.There is something new in the park.公园里有些新的景点。

Do you have anything interesting to tell us?你有什么有趣的事要告诉我们吗?

⑤当somebody,someone等用于疑问句时,表示肯定、请求、建议或反问;anybody,anyone等用在肯定句中表示“任何人”。

eg.Is someone coming this afternoon?今天下午有客人来吗?

Anyone can make mistakes.任何人都可能犯错误。

3.疑问代词的用法。

(1)who/whom谁(指人).

①作主语eg. Who wants to go with him?

②作宾语eg.Who/Whom are you waiting for?(作介词for的宾语)

eg.Who/Whom do you want tomeet?(作动词meet的宾语)

③作表语eg.Who/Whom are they?

(2)whose谁的

①作定语eg. Whose pen is this?

②作表语eg. Whose is this pen?

(3)which哪一个,哪一些

①作定语eg.Which girl is Kathy?

②作表语eg. Which is the boy’s ball?

(4)what什么

①作主主语eg. What’s on the table?

②作宾语eg. What are you doing?

③作表语eg. What is he?

④作定语eg. What class are you in?

4.关系代词的用法

关系代词用来引起定语从句,它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词,另——方面又在从句中充当一个成分。

eg·This is the man who gave me the book.这就是给我书的那个人。

The money that/which is on the table is mine.桌上的钱是我的。

The money that/which my mother gave me is on the table.我妈妈给我的钱在桌上。

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