2007年初中英语九大词类复习攻略-动词

九、动词(verb.)动词表示主语的动作或状态

(一)动词的种类。

(1)及物动词vt，其后接宾语。

eg.She wears a uniform.

(2)不及物动词vi，不接宾语。

eg :She can dance.

(3)连系动词like-v.接表语。

eg.They are nurses.

That sounds interesting.

His mother looks young.

If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.

(4)助动词aux--V.接动词原形或分词(它无实在意思，只起语法作用)。

eg,　DO you like pandas?

He has gone to Australia.

She is looking at the cat.

(5)情态动词mod-v.接动词原形(它不能单独作谓语，有自己的意思，无人称和数的变化)。

Eg. He must go now.

You should clean the classroom after class.

(6)有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作助动词或不及物动词，be也可作助动词。

eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.)

Do as you like.(Vi.)

She is a little bit quiet.(mod-v.)

She is swimming now.(aux-v.)

二)情态动词的用法

(一)can，could，may的用法

l .can／could

(1)表示具有某种能力，意为“能，能够，会”(could表过去)。

eg.I can sing English songs.

Lisa can’t speak Japanese.

She could swim when she was four years old.

(2)表示许：可、允许，意为“可以”。

eg.Can we watch TV now?

You can’t play computer games in the morning.

(3)表示请求某人做某事，意为“能，能够”(用could使晤气更委婉)。

eg.Can／Could you help me，please?

(4)表示推测“可能”，多用于否定句和疑问句中。(表肯定推测可用must，might，could等)

cg。it can’t be true.这不可能是真的。

Where can he have gone?他可能会去哪儿呢?

2.may／might

(1)表示许可、允许，意为“可以”，比can更正式。

eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?

May l ask you a question?我可以问你—个问题吗?

(2)表示推测“可能”，用于肯定句和否定句，不能用于疑问句。

eg.He　may be at home now.他可能现在在家。

She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那儿。

(二)can与be able to的区别

1.两者都可以用来表示能力。

eg.I can／am able to mend the bike.

2.can只有现在时(Can)和过去时(could)，而be able to可用于多种时态。

eg. I will be able to come back in another few months.

He hasn’t been able to get there before dark.

3.can可以表示推测，但be able to不能。

eg.That Can't be Gina's dictionary.

4.can与be able to；不能重复使用

eg.他能做好这件事。

He can be able to do is well.(X)

He can do it well.(√)

He is able to do it well.(√)

(三)must与have to的区别

1.主客观方面不同。

must表“义务”或“强制”，表示主观的必要；在肯定句中must还可表推测，语气要比may肯定多。have to表“必须”或“不得不”，表示客观的必要。

eg.We must clean the room.(表示我们认为房间太脏了。)

We have to clean the room.(表示没有人替我们打扫房间等客观原因。)

He must beat home before supper。(他晚饭前一定在家。)

2.人称和时态不同。

must无人称和时态的变化，一律用must十动词原形。have to后接动词原形，有人称、数和时态的变化，一般现在时的第三人称单数要用has to，过去时中要用had to，将来时中要用will have to。另外，have to还可与，情态动词和助动词连用。

eg: Tom must practice his guitar every day.

The train has left.We'll have to wait for the next train.

3.否定式及意义不同。

must not=mustn't“决不可／千万不可／务必不要”； don’t／doesn’t／didn’t／won’t+have to“不必”

eg.We mustn’t tell jokes on him.我们千万不可与他开玩笑。

We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我们不必和他开玩笑。

在对May I…?作否定回答时用No， you　mustn’t／can’t.

eg. May　l go to the movies? NO，You mustn't

5.疑问式及回答不同。

Must+主语+动词原形+…? Yes，主语+ must.／NO，主语+needn’t.

助动词+主语+have to+动词原形+…?

Yes，主语+助动词.／No，主语+助动词+not.

eg.Must l go now? Yes，you must.／NO，you needn’t

Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes，she does.／NO，she doesn’t.