全力直击英语语法：主谓一致

一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。

例：There is much water in the thermos.热水瓶里有很多水。

但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。

例：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.去年产碳1万吨。

1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数

例：Reading and writing are very important.读和写非常重要。注意：主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.铁和钢对我们的生活非常重要。

2.主谓一致中的靠近原则

1)当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例：a) There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.桌上有一只笔，一把刀和几本书。b) There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有20个男生，23个女生。

2)当either… or…与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例：a) Either you or she is to go.你或她会去。b) Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.这儿有一只笔，一些信封和给你的几张纸。

3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例：

a) The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.老师正在和一些学生参观工厂。

b) He as well as I wants to go boating.我和他都想去划船。

4.谓语需用单数

1)代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every,谓语需用单数。例：

a) Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机。

b) There is something wrong with my watch.我的表出了点儿问题。

3)表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。)例：

a) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.有三周的时间来做必要的准备。

b) Ten yuan is enough.　10元钱就够了。

5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1)在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例：

a) All is right.一切顺利。

b) All are present.所有人都到齐了。

2)集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。例：

a) His family isn't very large.他家不是一个大家庭。

b) His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。

Are there any police around?周围有警察吗？

3)有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。A number of +名词复数+复数动词。The number of +名词复数+单数动词。例：a) A number of books have lent out.许多书已经借出去了。b) The majority of the students like English.大多数学生都喜欢英语

6.与后接名词或代词保持一致

1)用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。例：a) Most of his money is spent on books.他的大多数钱都用来买书了。b) Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.大多数学生都积极参加体育运动。

2)在一些短语，如many a 或more than one所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例：

a) Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。

b) More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。