专业四级考试词汇语法详细解答40套三十八
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Test Thirty?Eight??? 近义词辨析? repair, mend, fix, remedy? 这组词都有“修理”的意思。? repair 意为“修理，修复”，指修理已破旧或损坏的东西，使其恢复原有的良好状况。此外，repair还可引申为“纠正，弥补，治愈”。? mend 意为“修理，修补”，是普通用语，仅指修补磨损的、破裂的、撕毁的小东西，很少用于大件物品。该词可引申为“改善，弥补，恢复健康”。? fix 意为“修理，修复”，和repair同义，两者经常换用，fix常用于美国英语中，口语色彩较浓。? remedy 意为“补救，弥补”，指对已经出现的过失及不满意的现状采取弥补措施，加以补救。? He doesn’t know how to repair the error.他不知道怎样弥补这个过失。? It’s never too late to mend.改过不嫌迟。? He tried to fix the leaking tap.他试图修漏水的水龙头。? Your faults of pronunciation can be remedied.你的发音毛病是可以矫正的。?? adequate, enough, sufficient? 这组词均含有“足够”的意思。? adequate 强调符合一个客观要求或标准，这个要求或标准可能不太高或不太严格。? enough 侧重份量和数量的足够。是三个词中最普通的。? sufficient 一般用于正式书面语中，且只能放在所修饰的名词前。? 如：? His income is not adequate to his family’s needs.他的收入满足不了家庭需求。? Do we have enough time for a drink?我们有没有足够的时间喝点什么?? The rain is not sufficient to do any harm.这场雨不足为害。 全真模拟试题? 1. Very few scientists ?____? completely new answers to the world’s problems.? A. come up with B come out? C. come round D. come up to? 2. We are writing to the manager ?____? the repairs recently carried out at the above address.? A. with the exception of ? B. with the purpose of ? C. with reference to ? D. with a view to? 3. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ?____?how great their achievements are.? A. in spite of B. in ways ofC. in favor ofD. in terms of 4. All individuals are required to ?____? to the laws made by their governments.? A. obeyB. conformC. concedeD. observe? 5. The United States is trying to ?____? the serious problems created by the energy crisis.? A. put up with B. submit to? C. comply withD. cope with? 6. The joys of travel, having long ?____? the disabled, are opening up to virtually anyone who has the means.? A. omittedB. missedC. neglectedD. discarded? 7. Most people who travel in the course of their work are given travelling ?____?.? A. incomeB. allowancesC. wagesD. pay? 8. Some people ?____? avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.? A. violently B. enthusiastically? C. sincerelyD. deliberately? 9. I was always taught that it was?____?to interrupt.? A. rudeB. coarseC. roughD. crude? 10. It is a common theme in many science fiction stories that the world may one day be ?____? by insects.? A. broken inB. run overC. taken overD. filled in? 11. His intelligence and experience will enable him to ?____?the complicated situation.? A. cope with B. settle down? C. intervene in D. interfere with? 12. I am sure I can ?____? him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.? A. speakB. sayC. talkD. tell? 13. There is no easy solution to Japan’s labor ?____?.? A. declineB. vacancyC. rarityD. shortage? 14. Just as a book is often judged ?____? by the quality and appearance of its cover, a person is judged immediately by his appearance.? A. previouslyB. uniquelyC. outwardlyD. initially? 15. Frankly speaking, your article is very goodexcept for some ?____? mistakes in grammar.? A. trivialB. obscureC. rareD. glaring? 16. Advanced computer technology has ?____? an answer to accurate weather forecasting.? A. set upB. come up with ? C. filled in D. faced up to? 17. Both parties promised to ?____? the contract to besigned the following day.? A. keep withB. tangle withC. adhere toD. devote to? 18. The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to ?____?the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.? A. decreaseB. subtractC. minimizeD. degrade? 19. Every society has its own peculiar customs and?____?of acting.? A. waysB. behaviorC. attitudesD. means? 20. All the parts of these washing machines are ?____?, so that it is very convenient to replace them.? A. normalizedB. modernized ? C. mechanizedD. standardized? 21. There was once an ?____? idea that the earth was flat and motionless.? A. eternalB. offensiveC. absurdD. intrinsic? 22. When they had finished playing, the children were made to ?____?all the toys they had taken out.? A. put offB. put outC. put upD. put away? 23. A complete investigation into the cause of the accident should lead to improved standards and should ?____? new operating procedures.? A. result in B. match with? C. subject to D. proceed with? 24. The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be ?____?by this device.? A. lightedB. inspiredC. firedD. ignited? 25. Stop shouting! I can’t hear the football ?____?.? A. explanationB. interpretation ? C. judgement D. commentary? 试题答案与解析?? 1. A)【句意】没有几位科学家能对世界性的问题提出全新的答案。? 【难点】come up with意为“提出”；come out意为“结果是”；come round意为“来，前来”；come up to意为“达到，比得上”。? 2. C)【句意】我们正给经理写信，内容是关于近期在上述地点进行修理的事。? 【难点】with reference to意为“有关，关于”；with the exception of意为“除…之外”；with the purpose of意为“目的是”； with a view to意为“目的是，为了(后跟动名词)”。? 3. D)【句意】人们往往从成就的大小来评价某些科学家和工程师。? 【难点】in terms of意为“就…而言”；in spite of意为“尽管”；infavor of意为“赞成，支持”；in ways of无此搭配。? 4. B)【句意】要求每个人都遵守政府制定的法律。? 【难点】conform意为“遵守”，后接to；obey亦有“遵守”的意思，却无obey to的搭配；concede to sb.意为“向某人让步”；observe意为“遵守”时，为及物动词，不与to搭配。? 5. D)【句意】美国正努力去应付由于能源危机而产生的严重问题。? 【难点】cope with意为“应付”；put up with意为“忍受，容忍”； submit to意为“服从，屈从”；comply with意为“照…办”。? 6. C)【句意】旅游业长期以来不重视残疾人，而现在只要有条件，几乎每个人都可以享受旅游的乐趣。? 【难点】neglect意为“忽视”；omit意为“省略，忽略(正式用语)”；miss意为“免去，漏掉(非正式用语)；discard意为“丢弃，抛弃”。? 7. B)【句意】大多数因公出差的人都发给差旅费。? 【难点】allowances意为“差旅费”；income意为“收入”；wage意为“工资(常作复数，指按照合同，根据其劳动或所提供的服务，按小时，天数，每周或计量付给工资)”；pay“工资，薪金(泛指劳动所得的报酬)”。? 8. D)【句意】有些人对待大是大非问题要么有意回避，要么保持中立。? 【难点】deliberately意为“故意地”；violently意为“猛烈地”；enthusiastically意为“热情地”；sincerely意为“真诚地”。? 9. A)【句意】过去人们总是这样教导我，插话是不礼貌的。? 【难点】rude意为“无礼的，粗鲁的”。其余三个词都有“粗鲁的”之意，用于说明某人的举止或言谈，可互用。如果要说明做某事不礼貌，特别是在“It is+形容词+不定式”结构中，常用rude。? 10. C)【句意】许多科学幻想故事都有一个常见的主题：地球有朝一日要被昆虫接管。? 【难点】take over意为“接收，接管”;break in/into意为“强行进入”;run over意为“在…上驶过，辗过”;fill in意为“填空，填满”。? 11. A)【句意】他的才智经验使他能够应付复杂局面。? 【难点】cope with意为“应付”;settle down意为“安居，专心于”;intervene in意为“介入，干涉”;interfere with意为“干涉，妨碍”。? 12. C)【句意】我肯定能说服他同意我们去旅馆过夜。? 【难点】talk (sb into doing)意为“说服(某人做某事)”;speak意为“说话、谈话(着重说话的能力)”;say意为“讲，说(着重所说内容)。”;tell意为“告诉(着重提供情况)”。? 13. D)【句意】很难解决日本劳动力短缺的问题。? 【难点】shortage意为“短缺”;vacancy意为“空缺(指职位或位置空着)”;decline意为“下降,减少”;rarity意为“稀罕，稀有”。? 14. C)【句意】就像凭外在质量和封面来判断一本书如何一样，对人的判断一看外表就知道了。? 【难点】outwardly意为“从外表”;previously意为“以前”;uniquely意为“惟一地”;initially意为“最初”。? 15. A)【句意】坦率地说，你的文章写得很好，只不过语法上有几处小错误。? 【难点】trivial意为“琐碎的，微不足道的”;obscure意为“模糊的，不出名的”;rare意为“稀有的，难得的”;glaring意为“耀眼的，闪光的”。? 16. B)【句意】先进的计算机技术为精确进行天气预报提供了方法。? 【难点】come up with意为“想出”;set up意为“开办，创立”;fill in意为“填写(表格等)，填满”;face up to意为“勇敢面对”。? 17. C)【句意】双方答应信守第二天将签署的合同。? 【难点】adhere to意为“坚持”;keep with无此搭配;tangle with意为“与某人吵架，与某事有瓜葛”;devote to意为“献身于，为…奉献”。? 18. C)【句意】这场大火造成了巨大损失，但厂方却说，损失没有报道得那么严重，竭力低估大火造成的后果。? 【难点】minimize意为“缩小，减少”;decrease意为“减少，(有“逐渐减少”的意思，可指数量、质量、尺寸、强度或重要性等方面的减少或减小)”;subtract意为“减去”;degrade意为“(地位身份等)下降，堕落”。? 19. A)【句意】每个社会都有其独特的风俗习惯和行为方式。? 【难点】way意为“方式，方法”;behaviour意为“举止，行为”;attitude意为“态度，看法”;means意为“方法(该词义侧重于“具体的手段或办法”)。”? 20. D)【句意】这些洗衣机的零件全部实行了统一标准，这样更换起来非常便利。? 【难点】standardize意为“使标准化”;normalize意为“使正常化”;modernize意为“使现代化”;mechanize意为“使机械化”。? 【难点】absurd意为“荒唐的”；eternal意为“永恒的，永久的”；offensive意为“冒犯的，无礼的”；intrinsic意为“固有的，内在的”。? 22. D)【句意】孩子们玩过玩具后，便要他们把拿出来的玩具都收好。? 【难点】put away意为“收藏好”；put off意为“推迟”；put out意为“熄灭；put up意为“建造”。? 23. A)【句意】对事故原因进行全面调查可提高标准，并引入新的操作程序。? 【难点】result in意为“导致”；match with意为“与…相配”；subject to意为“征服，经历或遭受”；proceed with意为“开始或继续”。? 24. D)【句意】洲际导弹的燃料想必是由这个装置点燃的。? 【难点】ignite意为“点火”，指用机械装置点火；light意为“点燃(一般用语，常指为一定目的使…燃烧或点着某物)”；inspire意为“吸入，鼓舞”；fire意为“点燃，着火”。? 25. D)【句意】别大声嚷嚷了!足球赛的解说我都听不见了。? 【难点】commentary意为“解说，评论”，尤用于体育比赛；explanation意为“解释”；interpretation意为“解释，翻译(解释时，对象多为梦，诗歌或抽象艺术等。解释人需要有专业知识和丰富的想象力)”。judgement意为“判断(力)”。 |
