专业四级考试词汇语法详细解答40套三十九
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Test Thirty?Nine??? 近义词辨析? flaw, defect, fault, mistake, error? 这组词都表示“错误，缺陷”。? flaw 原意为“裂缝，裂隙”，引申为“缺点，漏洞，瑕疵”，表示存在的或出现的某种破坏了完好统一体的因素，强调对完美性或有效性的损害。? defect 意思是“欠缺，不足”，指缺乏达到完善或发挥效用所需要的东西，也常指一般的缺陷。? fault 意思是“缺点，毛病；错误，过错，责任”，一般指性格上的弱点或行为上的过失及责任。? mistake 指由于认识上的缺点而无心犯下的错误。? error 常指违反一定标准而犯的错误。mistake和error虽然常常通用，但在习惯搭配中不能互换。? 如：? I can’t detect any flaw in his ingenious theory.在他的精妙理论中我找不到任何漏洞。? No one is without defects.人无完人。? She always finds fault with me.她总挑我的毛病。? I took her gloves by mistake.我错拿了她的手套。? Every man is liable to err.人人都难免犯错误。?? freedom, liberty? 这组词均含有“自由”的意思。? freedom 强调不受外界任何限制和约束，或者可以完全按照自己的意愿行事。? liberty 侧重于从所受的压制或压迫下解放出来。? 如：? In some countries, there is no freedom of the press.在一些国家里没有新闻自由。? All the prisoners in the concentration camp wanted their liberty.集中营里所有囚犯都想得到自由。 全真模拟试题? 1. John said that he didn’t quite ?____?and asked me to repeatwhat I had said.? A.snatch upB.summon upC.catch onD.watch out ? 2. On weekend my grandma usually ?____? a glass of wine.? A.subscribesB.engagesC.hangsD.indulgesin? 3. At the party we found that shy girl ?____?her mother all the time.? A.depending onB.coinciding on? C.adheringtoD.clinging to? 4. The schoolmaster ?____? the girl’s bravery inhis opening speech.? A.applaudedB.enhancedC.elevatedD.clapped? 5. The Space Age ?____?in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.? A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced? 6. As you have seen, the value of a nation’s currencyis a?____?of its economy.? A.responseB.revelationC.reactionD.reflection? 7. If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nationsto limit local ?____?.? A.collisionsB.combatsC.contradictionsD.conflicts? 8. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was ?____?in tropical countries.? A.perpetualB.prospectiveC.prevalentD.provocative? 9. David likes country life and has decided to ?____?farming.? A.go in forB.go back on? C.go through with D.go along with.? 10. I am afraid that you have to alter your ?____? views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.? A.pessimisticB.indifferentC.distressingD.optimistic? 11. Jack was about to announce our plan but I ?____?.? A.put him through B.turned him out? C.gave him up D.cut him short? 12. Many people think of deserts as ?____? regions, but numerous speciesof plants and animals have adapted to life there.? A.voidB.virginC.barrenD.wretched? 13. The politician says he will ?____? the welfare of the people.? A.prey onB.take onC.get atD.see to? 14. A budget of five dollars a day is totally ?____?for a trip round Europe.? A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid? 15. If you ?____?the bottle and cigarettes,you’ll be much healthier.? A.take offB.keep offC.get offD.set off? 16. Bill is example of a severely disabled person who has become ?____? at many survival skills.? A.proficientB.persistentC.consistentD.sufficient? 17. The ties that bind us together in common activity are so ?____?that they can disapppear at any moment.? A.trivialB.fatalC.tentativeD.feeble? 18. Diamonds have little ?____?value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.? A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic? 19. The kitchen was small and ?____?so that the disabled could reach everything without difficulty.? A.conventionalB.compactC.compatibleD.concise? 20. The original elections were declared ?____? by the former military ruler.? A.voidB.vulgarC.surplusD.extravagant? 21. Some criminals were printing ?____?dollar bills until they were arrested.? A.decentB.fakeC.patentD.suspicious ? 22. The directions were so ?____? that it was impossibleto complete the assignment.? A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous? 23. Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job,education is one of the most?____? areas in Japanese life. A.sophisticatedB.competitive? C.considerate D.superficial? 24. A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the ?____?.? A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic? 25. Some people think that a ?____?translation, or word for word translation, is easier than a free translation.? A.literalB.literaryC.liberalD.linear 试题答案与解析?? 1. C)【句意】约翰说他不大明白,要我再说一遍。? 【难点】catch on意为“理解”，用于口语;snatch up意为“抓住某物”;summon up意为“鼓起(勇气等);watch out意为“当心，监视，注意”。? 2. D)【句意】每逢周末我祖母都要喝上一杯酒享受一下。? 【难点】indulge in意为“沉湎于”;engage in或be engaged in意为“忙于，从事于”;subscribe to意为“预订(书报等)”;hang on意为“坚持”。? 3. D)【句意】聚会时我们发现那个腼腆的姑娘总是紧紧抓住她母亲。? 【难点】cling to意为“紧紧抓住”;depend on意为“依靠，取决于”;coincide意为“相符，与…一致”;adhere to意为“粘附，遵守，坚持”。? 4. A)【句意】校长在开幕词中赞扬了这位姑娘大无畏的精神。? 【难点】applaud意为“鼓掌”，表示赞许;clap作“鼓掌”解时与applaud同义，却无“称赞”之意;enhance是“提高(价值)，增加(美丽)”的意思;elevate意为“提高(思想觉悟，嗓门等)，振奋(精神，情绪等)”。? 5. D)【句意】太空时代始于1957年10月，那时第一颗人造卫星是由苏联发射升空的。? 【难点】commence意为“开始”，作及物或不及物动词均可；initiate是及物动词，意为“开始，发起，创始，倡议”；originate可作及物动词和不及物动词，作不及物动词，意为“发源，来自，产生”，作及物动词，意为“引起，创始，发明”；embark意为“开始”，后接on。? 6. D)【句意】正如你所看到的那样，一个国家货币的币值反映了这个国家的经济情况。? 【难点】reflection意为“反映”；response意为“反响”；revelation意为“透露”；reaction意为“反应”。? 7. A)【句意】要想让世界保持安宁，各国必须尽最大努力减少地区冲突。? 【难点】collisions意为“冲突”;combat意为“战斗”;contradiction意为“(意见等)相互矛盾，冲突”;conflict意为“冲突(指处于战争状态或激烈的争吵)”。? 8. C)【句意】某些研究证明，这种眼病在一些地处热带的国家中流行。? 【难点】prevalent意为“流行的”;perpetual意为“永恒的”;prospective意为“预期的”;provocative意为“挑衅的”。? 9. A)【句意】戴维喜爱乡村生活，决心从事农业。? 【难点】go in for意为“从事，进行”;go back on 意为“违背”;go through with意为“将…进行到底”;go along with意为“赞同，支持”。? 10. D)【句意】根据得到的不幸消息，你所持的乐观看法恐怕要变变了。? 【难点】optimistic意为“乐观的”;pessimistic意为“悲观的”;indifferent意为“冷漠的”;distressing意为“使人痛苦”。? 11. D)【句意】杰克正准备宣布我们的计划时，我打断了他。? 【难点】cut short意为“打断(某人)”;put somebody through意为“为某人接通电话”;turn someone out意为“驱逐某人，使某人离开”;give someone up 意为“把某人交给，招供出某人”。? 12. C)【句意】很多人认为沙漠地区一片荒凉，可仍有无数的动植物适应在那里生存。? 【难点】barren意为“不毛的”;void意为“无效的，空的”;virgin意为“未经开发的”;wretched意为“可怜的，讨厌的，拙劣的”。? 13. D)【句意】这位政治家说他将保证人民享有的福利。? 【难点】see to意为“负责处理”;prey on意为“捕食，折磨”;take on意为“承担”，后接表示“任务”之类的词”;get at意为“意指，意思是”。? 14. A)【句意】到欧洲旅行，五美元一天的预算是不够的。? 【难点】inadequate意为“不足的”；incapable意为“无能力的”；incompatible意为“不相容的”；invalid意为“无效的，作废的”。? 15. B)【句意】如果你戒烟戒酒，你的身体就会好多了。? 【难点】keep off意为“远离”；take off意为“起飞”；get off意为“(从汽车、火车等交通工具)下来；set off意为“激起，引起，动身，启程”。? 16. A)【句意】严重残疾的人也能熟练地掌握很多生存技能，比尔就是例证。? 【难点】proficient意为“熟练的”；persistent意为“持续的，不懈的”；consistent意为“坚持的”；sufficient意为“充分的，足够的”。? 17. D)【句意】将我们维系在一起进行共同活动的纽带是不牢靠的，随时都会消失。? 【难点】feeble意为“软弱的”；trivial意为“微不足道的”；fatal意为“致命的”；tentative意为“尝试性的”。? 18. D)【句意】钻石本身没有什么价值。它昂贵的价格完全是物以稀为贵的缘故。? 【难点】intrinsic意为“内在的”；extinct意为“灭绝的”；permanent意为“永久的”；surplus意为“过剩的”。? 19. B)【句意】这间厨房小巧紧凑，残疾人可以很方便地取物。? 【难点】compact意为“小巧的”；conventional意为“传统的”；compatible意为“协调的”；concise意为“简洁的”。? 20. A)【句意】原先的选举被前军事独裁者宣布为无效。? 【难点】void意为“无效的”；vulgar意为“粗俗的”；surplus意为“过剩的”；extravagant意为“奢侈的”。? 21. B)【句意】有几个犯罪分子被捕前一直在印假美钞。? 【难点】fake意为“假的”；decent意为“体面的，适当的”；patent意为“公开的，显然的”；suspicious意为“可疑的”。? 22. D)【句意】指示太不明确，无法完成这项任务。? 【难点】ambiguous意为“含糊的”；ingenious意为“奇妙的”；ambitious意为“有抱负的”；notorious意为“臭名昭著的”。? 23. B)【句意】由于名牌大学的学位可以使人找到好的工作，因此在日本，教育是最具竞争的领域。? 【难点】competitive意为“竞争的”；sophisticated意为“老于世故的”;considerate意为“考虑周到的”;superficial意为“肤浅的”。? 24. C)【句意】发生了一场可怕的交通事故。当人们看到那些可怜的受害者时，感到很难过。? 【难点】pathetic意为“可怜的”;panic意为“恐慌，使受惊(用作名词或动词)，in a panic意为“惊慌失措”;patriotic意为“爱国的”;periodic意为“定期的”。? 25. A)【句意】有人认为直译，即逐字翻译，比意译更容易。? |
