公共英语等级考试PETS二级语法资料汇总(三)代词b

5.指示代词：“this,that,these,those”,可作名词用也可作形容词用。见下表：

在句中的成分

例    句

1

作

名

词

用

作主语

This is Smith.

2

作宾语

I like this.

3

作表语

His idea is this.

4

作形容词用

作定语

This way,please.

6．不定代词：

序

号

分

类

功

能

用法

不定代词

例词或例句

说明

1

作

形

容

词

定语

接可数单数

every“每个的”，只作定语

every body

指三者或三者以上的“每个的”。

接可数复数

other

other boys

接三类名词

no

no people

no=not a/any

2

作

名

词

主语、表语、宾语

代单数（人）

someone,somebody

anyone,anybody

everyone,everybody

no one,nobody

Someone is waiting for Jack.

Is everyone here?

Is there anybody out?

someone,somebody 用肯定句中或表建议等的疑问句中；

anyone,anybody用于否定条件句或疑问句中。

代单数（物）

something,anything

nothing,everything

Something is wrong with my bike.

something用于肯定句或表建议等的句子里；anything用于否定句或疑问句中。

代复数

（人/物）

others，the others

She likes to help others.

Where are the others?

the others其余的人/物。

none

None of us is afraid.

指三者或三者以上当中“没一个”。

3

既可作名词又可作形容词

主语、定语、表语、宾语

不可数

little,a little,much

There’s little time left.

little“几乎没有”，表否定。

可数复数

few,a few,many,several, both

Both my sisters are good.

few“几乎没有”表否定；both只用于两者“两者都”。

可数单数

one each(二者或三者以上的“每一”)

another,either,neither

Each student has a pencil.

either二者之中任一个；neither二者之中没一个。

接/代三类名词

all,some,any,such,the other

He has two sons.One is a doctor. The other(one)is a teacher.

some用于肯定句或表建议的句中；any用于否定、疑问句或条件句中。

可数复数或不可数

lots of, a lot of, a lot

He has lots of/a lot of friends.

He has a lot to say.

注意：

（1）both(二者都)和all(三者或以上都)可以作同位语，位于助动词，系动词或情态动词后，行为动词之前。

The boys are all in the classroom.

Both(of)my brothers like sports.

（2）every other+可数名词单数：指“每隔一…”。

They go to play basketball every other day.

（3）no/any/every/some与one/body构成的复合词指人，不用于of前。

（4）all/both/every及其复合词与否定词连用时，表部分否定。相应的全否定为none/neither/no one/nobody/nothing等。

Not all of us are teachers=All of us are not teachers.

None of us are students.

（5）“another+数词+名词复数”表示“再来（数词）…”。

Another two coffees,please.

（6）the other+单数可数名词或不可数名词或复数可数名词表示“其余的/所有剩下的…”。

The other boys are playing on the playground.

the other后不接任何词时，指“二者中的另一个。”

I have two skirts. One is red. The other is blue and white stripes.

7．疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。

在句中成分

例句

主语

Who did it?

宾语

What are you doing?

定语

Whose bike is it?

补语

What do you call it in Japanese?

表语

Whose is this book?