雅思名师：英汉写作核心表达差异b

英语多替换，汉语多重复

由于英文重形合，所以通过各种形合手段将比较大量的信息连接在一个句子里，联系紧密，逻辑分明。这种情况下，其代词所指往往比较明确而不易混淆，因此，为了避免单调乏味，英文句子常常采用替换、省略等方式来变换同一个词的表达。而中文则相反，由于汉语主要考意合，考隐含的逻辑贯穿全句，因此为了保持句子的“形散神不散”，就需要通过重复的手段来增强凝聚力，保持读者的注意力。所以，汉语往往不使用同义词等替代手段，因为那样会使得精力分散。如，用代词替代：

他讨厌失败，他一生曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且蔑视别人的失败。

He hated failure, he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.

而不会写成：

He hated failure, he had conquered the failure all his life, risen above the failure, despised the failure in others.

再看一个用同义词替换的例子：      

低分版本：

Think about this situation. A student interviewed another student and many students about what it is like to be an only child. If the teachers in charge of the school paper did not edit names of students from the paper or facts that would give that particular student away to other students, then serious problems could be caused for the students who gave their information.

改进版：

Think about this situation. A reporter interviewed many students about what it is like to be an only child. If the teachers in charge of the school paper did not edit names of the interviewees from the paper or facts that would give each person away to the readers, then serious problems could be caused for the students who gave their information.

第一个低分版本里面用了大量重复的单词“student”，非常枯燥乏味，而改进版将“student”用了“reporter”、“the interviewees”、“each person”、“readers”等词来替代，句子用词富于变化，自然生动得多了。因此，在平时的雅思学习过程中，要注意积累同义词、反义词的积累，这样才能在写作中游刃有余，取得高分。