英语专八改错答题技巧二：分析句子结构，判断句子成分是否有误

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技巧2 分析句子结构，判断句子成分是否有误

改错短文有些句子较性，结构复杂，常常会出现句子成分冗余或残缺的错误。因此考生答题时，可以从动词入手，找出句中所有的动词，区分出谓语动词和非谓语动词，进而确定主从句的主干（主语、谓语动词、宾语或补语）和修饰成分（定语、状语、同位语）是否有误。

真题例证6

the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that language was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impassible gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as literal as possible...
(7)____
(8)____

分析：第7题中的the view translation was impossible gained some currency里出现两个谓语动词，不符语法规则。按照句意“做好酾译是不可能的这种观点有些市场”来看，translation was impossible应为对the view内容的说明，是它的同位语从句。而同位语肌句的引导词that不能省略，所以应在view后加that。

第8题中的if was attempted at all，if引导的条件状语从旬中没有主语，不符语法规则。此外，根据上下文，此分句的主语应与主句的主语it一致，即translation，意为“如果要尝试翻译的话，就必须尽可能直译”。

当状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，且从句的谓语动词是be动词时，从旬的主语和be动词可同时省略，故此处应把was删掉。

真题例证7

The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students a governance role, and eliminate required courses.
(7)____
(8)____

分析：本句含有四个动词：make，include，giving, eliminate。主句的主语是the ways，其后嵌套一个定语从句(which... students)，make是从句的谓语，先行词the ways在从句中应充当状语，所以第7题应在关系代词which的前面添加介词in。主句的谓语动词是include，宾语为四个并列的短语，其中两个是名词短语，另外两个应该都是动名词短语。所以第8题应把eliminate改为与giving并列的动名词形式eliminating。

真题例证8

There is no material in any language today or in the earliest records of ancient languages shows us language in a new and emerging state...
(2)____

分析：本句含有两个谓语动词：is和shows。主干是there be结构，故谓语动词是is；动词shows的逻辑主语是no material，可以改成非谓语形式的showing，作后置定语修饰material，也可以在shows的前面加上连词that，使之成为定语从句的谓语动词。