每周词汇精选：hurt

爱思英语编者按：生活中总会有些磕磕碰碰，难免会受伤，在英语中，受伤的说法有好几种，你知道哪些呢？

Learn American English Online is a website that offers free English language lessons on vocabulary, grammar and idioms for students across the globe. The site was set up by Paul Selcke in 2003; Paul has been teaching English since 1988, and has used his expertise to create an awesome selection of videos and quizzes for his students. Please do check the site out for more great learning materials!

“Learn American English Online”网站为全球学生提供免费英语课程，内容涵盖词汇、语法、习语等。该网站由Paul Selcke于2013年创建。Paul自1988年就开始教授英语，运用自己丰富的经验，制作了一套优质的教学视频和配套测试。

Students in my regular daytime classroom are studying health care this week, so the word "hurt" has come up several times recently.
这周，我班上的学生正在学习医疗保健相关的内容，所以最近常常遇到“hurt”这个词。

The verb "hurt" can be transitive or intransitive. A transitive verb is followed by an object:
动词“hurt”既可以是及物的，又可以是不及物的。作为及物动词时，后面要接宾语，意为“伤害，使受伤”。

•Joe hurt his back. (The word "back" is an object.)

•Rita hurt her finger. (The word "finger" is an object.)

An intransitive verb doesn't require an object. The sentence can end with the verb:
作为不及物动词时，后面则不需要接宾语，意为“疼痛”。句子可以以该动词结尾。

•Joe's back hurts.

•Rita's finger hurts.

•My eyes hurt. (Notice the difference between the singular and the plural in the present tense? 注意到一般现在时态中单数和复数的区别了吗？)

You often hear "hurt" in the passive voice:
“hurt”常被用在被动语态里。

•Joe's back was hurt in an accident.

•Several people were hurt in the fire.

•His feelings were hurt by the girl's rude comments.

•Their chances of getting a loan have been hurt by their poor credit history.

The verb "hurt" can also be used to describe a problem:
“hurt”也可以用来描述出现的问题，意为“产生不良影响”。

•He hurt his chances of getting the job by arriving at the interview late.

•High oil prices hurt the economy.

•High prices on food hurt consumers.

•A long separation can hurt a relationship.

•It doesn't hurt to practice before a game. In fact, it improves the team's chances of winning.

There's one last thing to mention. The verb "hurt" is irregular, so sometimes it's difficult to determine the tense of the verb:
还有一点值得一提，“hurt”是个不规则动词，有时候很难判断它的时态：

原型 simple: hurt

过去式 past: hurt

过去分词 past participle: hurt

•My feet hurt right now. (present tense, plural 一般现在时，复数)

•My feet hurt yesterday. (past tense, plural 一般过去时，复数)

•My feet have hurt for the last week. (present perfect tense, plural 现在完成时，复数)

•Her tooth hurts. (present tense, singular 一般现在时，单数)

•Her tooth hurt yesterday. (past tense, singular 一般过去式，单数)

•Her tooth has been hurting for the last week or so. (present perfect continuous tense, singular 现在完成进行时，单数)