牛津实用英语语法 the(定冠词)在home等之前的省略
A home 当home单独使用即前后不加修饰词或短语时,不用定冠词: He is at home. 他在家。 当home单独使用时,可以直接跟在具有运动意义的动词之后,或紧随在具有运动意义的动词+宾语之后。换句话说, home可以当副词使用: He went home. 他回家了。 I arrived home after dark. 我天黑以后到家的。 但是,当home之前或之后带有修饰词或修饰短语时,其用法 和其他名词相同: They went to their new home. 他们到自已的新家去了。 We arrived at the bride’s home. 我们到了新娘的家。 For some years this was the home of your queen. 曾有些年头这里是你们王后的家。 A mud hut was the only home he had ever known. 一间小土屋就是他所知道的唯一的家。 B bed,church,court,hospital,prison,school/college/university人们去这些地方干在这些地方应该干的事时,上述词语的前面不用定冠词the。例如,we go: to bed(to sleep or as invalids) 上床睡觉或(病人)卧床 to church(to pray)去教堂祷告 to court(as litigants)上法院打官司 to hospital(as patients)去医院就医 to prison(as prisoners)进监狱坐牢 to school/college/university(to study)去学校/学院/大学读书 同样可以说: in bed(sleeping or resting)在床上(睡觉或休息) at church(as worshippers)在教堂做礼拜 in court(as witnesses)在法庭作证 in hospital(as patients)生病住院 at school(as students)在学校读书 我们可以说: be/get back/home from school/college/university从学校/大学上学回到家里 leave school离校,放学回家 leave hospital出院 be released from prison出狱 如果往这些地方去是由于其他原因,则要用定冠词: I went to the church to see the stained glass. 我到教堂看染色拼花玻璃窗去了。 He goes to the prison sometimes to give lectures. 他有时去监狱给囚犯演讲。 C sea go to sea(as sailors)(当水手)出海 be at sea= be on a voyage(as passengers or crew)(作为旅客或船员)乘船航行 但是: go to/be at the sea=go to/be at the seaside去/在海边 还可以这样说: live by/near the sea住在海边 D work和office work(工作地点)前不加定冠词the: He’s on his way to work. 他在去上班的路上。 He is at work. 他在上班。(在办公室或工作地点) He isn’t back from work yet. 他还没(从办公室)下班回来。 注意:at work也可表示working(工作): hard at work=working hard在努力工作 He’s hard at work on a new picture. 他正在努力地画一幅新画。 office(工作地点)前需要加定冠词the: He is at/in the office. 他在办公室。 be in office(不加the)则表示担任一个官/公职(通常指政界职位)。 be out of office=be no longer in power不再担任某一职务,已去职 E town 在讲到主语或说话人自己的城镇时,town前面的the可以省略: We go to town sometimes to buy clothes. 我们有时进城去买衣服。 We were in town last Monday. 上星期一我们在城里。 |